Questions and Answers
What does the particle theory explain?
The particle theory explains what matter is composed of and how it behaves.
What are the five parts of the particle theory discussed in class?
- All matter is made up of particles. 2. The particles are always moving, to some degree. 3. There are spaces between the particles. 4. The particles are attracted to one another, to some degree. 5. There are different kinds of particles.
What is the difference between pure substances and mixtures?
A pure substance is made up of only one kind of particle, while mixtures are made up of pure substances combined together.
Provide an example of a pure substance and a mixture.
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What is the difference between solutions and mechanical mixtures?
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What is the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous substances?
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Identify a technique for separating mechanical mixtures.
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What are two major techniques for separating solutions?
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Explain the process of dissolving.
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What factors can affect the rate that a solute dissolves in a solvent?
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Study Notes
Particle Theory
- Explains the composition and behavior of matter.
- Key components of the particle theory:
- All matter consists of particles.
- Particles are in constant motion.
- Spaces exist between particles.
- Particles exhibit various degrees of attraction to one another.
- Different types of particles are present.
Pure Substances vs. Mixtures
- Pure substance: Composed of a single particle type, e.g., table sugar and distilled water.
- Mixture: Contains two or more particle types, e.g., cow's milk includes water, lactose, fat, proteins, minerals, and vitamins.
Solutions vs. Mechanical Mixtures
- Solution: Homogeneous mixture that resembles a pure substance, e.g., air, ocean water, and steel; particles are evenly distributed.
- Mechanical mixture: Heterogeneous mixture where distinct parts are visible, e.g., soil, pizza, and cereal with milk; particles remain grouped.
Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous Substances
- Homogeneous substances: Identical to solutions; uniform composition.
- Heterogeneous substances: Identical to mechanical mixtures; distinct and visible components.
Techniques for Separating Mixtures
- Techniques vary based on the mixture type:
- Sorting: Physically grouping similar parts.
- Floating: Collecting lighter components rising in liquid.
- Settling: Gathering heavier components sinking in liquid.
- Magnets: Extracting magnet-attracted parts.
- Filters: Using sieves to separate smaller particles.
- Dissolving: Isolating a soluble component from the mixture.
Techniques for Separating Solutions
- Evaporation: Converts a liquid to gas, leaving behind the non-evaporated portion.
- Distillation: Separates liquids based on evaporation differences, cooling the vapor to collect it separately.
Process of Dissolving
- Involves solute particles integrating into the solvent, forming a homogeneous mixture.
- Solute particles disassemble and fit amid solvent particles; both types remain present in the solution.
Factors Affecting Solute Dissolving Rate
- Temperature: Higher temperatures increase solubility, e.g., hot tea enhances sugar dissolving.
- Pressure: Increased pressure boosts solute solubility, e.g., carbonated drinks utilize CO2 under pressure.
- Size of solute: Smaller pieces dissolve faster than larger ones, e.g., granulated sugar versus sugar cubes.
- Stirring: Enhances interaction between solute and solvent, promoting faster dissolution.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts from the particle theory, detailing the composition and behavior of matter, including pure substances and mixtures. You'll explore the differences between solutions and mechanical mixtures, as well as homogeneous and heterogeneous substances.
