Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
What type of change occurs when a nail rusts?
What type of change occurs when a nail rusts?
Which process is classified as a chemical change?
Which process is classified as a chemical change?
If you cut a piece of paper, what type of change is it?
If you cut a piece of paper, what type of change is it?
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Which of the following observations most likely indicates that a chemical change has occurred?
Which of the following observations most likely indicates that a chemical change has occurred?
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Where is the genetic material located in an animal cell?
Where is the genetic material located in an animal cell?
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Which organelles are responsible for digesting waste and food particles?
Which organelles are responsible for digesting waste and food particles?
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Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins?
Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins?
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Which of the following is NOT typically found in a prokaryotic cell?
Which of the following is NOT typically found in a prokaryotic cell?
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What is the primary function of a cell wall?
What is the primary function of a cell wall?
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Which organelle converts light energy into sugars during photosynthesis?
Which organelle converts light energy into sugars during photosynthesis?
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Which structure aids in cellular movement, specifically swimming?
Which structure aids in cellular movement, specifically swimming?
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In a prokaryotic cell, where is the DNA primarily located?
In a prokaryotic cell, where is the DNA primarily located?
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What is the term for a liquid changing into a solid?
What is the term for a liquid changing into a solid?
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Which of these describes the change of a gas into a liquid?
Which of these describes the change of a gas into a liquid?
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Which of these is NOT a physical change?
Which of these is NOT a physical change?
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What is considered the smallest unit of matter?
What is considered the smallest unit of matter?
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How do particles move in a substance as it is heated?
How do particles move in a substance as it is heated?
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A substance's boiling point is an example of what?
A substance's boiling point is an example of what?
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Which term describes a substance's ability to be stretched into a thin wire?
Which term describes a substance's ability to be stretched into a thin wire?
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What describes a chemical change?
What describes a chemical change?
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What property measures a fluid's resistance to flow?
What property measures a fluid's resistance to flow?
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Which of these measures how much matter is in a volume?
Which of these measures how much matter is in a volume?
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Which is an example of a chemical property?
Which is an example of a chemical property?
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Which of these is an example of a physical change?
Which of these is an example of a physical change?
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Which of these represents a physical property?
Which of these represents a physical property?
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A metal's ability to react with oxygen to form rust is what type of property?
A metal's ability to react with oxygen to form rust is what type of property?
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Which of the following is a chemical change?
Which of the following is a chemical change?
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What is the term for the new organisms produced by living things?
What is the term for the new organisms produced by living things?
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What structure within the cell is responsible for carrying genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?
What structure within the cell is responsible for carrying genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?
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What is the correct pairing for Adenine in a DNA molecule?
What is the correct pairing for Adenine in a DNA molecule?
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If one side of a DNA molecule has the sequence ACGTTGACT, what is the sequence of the other side?
If one side of a DNA molecule has the sequence ACGTTGACT, what is the sequence of the other side?
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What are the fine threads of DNA found in the nucleus called?
What are the fine threads of DNA found in the nucleus called?
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What are the new cells formed by cell division called?
What are the new cells formed by cell division called?
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What type of reproduction requires only one parent?
What type of reproduction requires only one parent?
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What is the repeating molecular unit that forms a DNA molecule?
What is the repeating molecular unit that forms a DNA molecule?
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Which of the following correctly lists the three stages of the cell cycle in order?
Which of the following correctly lists the three stages of the cell cycle in order?
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What structure anchors the spindle fibers in an animal cell during mitosis?
What structure anchors the spindle fibers in an animal cell during mitosis?
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Which of the following is an example of a qualitative observation?
Which of the following is an example of a qualitative observation?
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What is the term for the process of cell division in which two identical daughter cells are formed?
What is the term for the process of cell division in which two identical daughter cells are formed?
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What is the term for the amount of space an object occupies?
What is the term for the amount of space an object occupies?
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What are the small structures comprised of RNA and proteins found in the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum?
What are the small structures comprised of RNA and proteins found in the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum?
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What type of change occurs when wood burns to form ash and smoke?
What type of change occurs when wood burns to form ash and smoke?
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What is the region in prokaryotic cells where genetic material is found?
What is the region in prokaryotic cells where genetic material is found?
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Which organelle is the site of energy transformation in eukaryotic cells?
Which organelle is the site of energy transformation in eukaryotic cells?
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Which of these is a physical property of a substance?
Which of these is a physical property of a substance?
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Which of the following best describes the reproduction of molds?
Which of the following best describes the reproduction of molds?
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Which structure is responsible for protein synthesis in prokaryotic cells?
Which structure is responsible for protein synthesis in prokaryotic cells?
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What is the process called when a liquid changes to a gas?
What is the process called when a liquid changes to a gas?
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Which of the following describes a substance's ability to dissolve in another substance ?
Which of the following describes a substance's ability to dissolve in another substance ?
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What is the protective outer layer found in some prokaryotic cells for survival in harsh environments called?
What is the protective outer layer found in some prokaryotic cells for survival in harsh environments called?
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What is the jelly-like substance enclosed by a cell membrane called?
What is the jelly-like substance enclosed by a cell membrane called?
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What type of change is the melting of ice into water?
What type of change is the melting of ice into water?
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Which of the following best describes how cancer develops?
Which of the following best describes how cancer develops?
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Which structure is used for movement in many prokaryotic cells?
Which structure is used for movement in many prokaryotic cells?
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Which of the following is a chemical property?
Which of the following is a chemical property?
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What is the relationship between the cells in the human body that perform different functions?
What is the relationship between the cells in the human body that perform different functions?
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What is the process of asexual reproduction in prokaryotic cells?
What is the process of asexual reproduction in prokaryotic cells?
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Cutting a piece of paper into smaller pieces is an example of what kind of change?
Cutting a piece of paper into smaller pieces is an example of what kind of change?
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Which sequence accurately depicts the organization of an organism?
Which sequence accurately depicts the organization of an organism?
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What are the building blocks of DNA called?
What are the building blocks of DNA called?
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Which of the following describes the shape of a DNA molecule?
Which of the following describes the shape of a DNA molecule?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of modern cell theory?
Which of the following is NOT a component of modern cell theory?
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Which observation is quantitative?
Which observation is quantitative?
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What is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein called?
What is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein called?
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Which asexual reproduction method involves a parent producing a smaller version of itself, which may detach or stay attached forming a colony?
Which asexual reproduction method involves a parent producing a smaller version of itself, which may detach or stay attached forming a colony?
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What is the term for the physical property associated with a substance's shininess?
What is the term for the physical property associated with a substance's shininess?
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What is the process of copying DNA before cell division called?
What is the process of copying DNA before cell division called?
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What change occurs when water freezes into ice?
What change occurs when water freezes into ice?
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Which asexual reproduction method do ferns primarily utilize?
Which asexual reproduction method do ferns primarily utilize?
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In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
In which phase of mitosis do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
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Which change results in the formation of new substances?
Which change results in the formation of new substances?
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Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of asexual reproduction?
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What is the division of the cytoplasm at the end of mitosis called?
What is the division of the cytoplasm at the end of mitosis called?
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What is the term when pollen lands on the stigma of a flower from a different plant?
What is the term when pollen lands on the stigma of a flower from a different plant?
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What does the term 'reactivity' refer to regarding a substance?
What does the term 'reactivity' refer to regarding a substance?
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What is the term for a type of asexual reproduction where an organism breaks into fragments, and each fragment can grow into a new organism?
What is the term for a type of asexual reproduction where an organism breaks into fragments, and each fragment can grow into a new organism?
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In the human body, where does fertilization primarily take place?
In the human body, where does fertilization primarily take place?
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Which of these is a result of a chemical change?
Which of these is a result of a chemical change?
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What is the name given to the process by which male and female gametes combine?
What is the name given to the process by which male and female gametes combine?
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Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP?
Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP?
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What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?
What is the primary function of ribosomes in a cell?
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What is the name for a fertilized egg formed after the fusion of gametes?
What is the name for a fertilized egg formed after the fusion of gametes?
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What process reduces the chromosome number by half in sexual reproduction?
What process reduces the chromosome number by half in sexual reproduction?
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Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?
Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a physical property of matter?
Which of the following is NOT considered a physical property of matter?
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What property defines a substance's ability to dissolve in another substance?
What property defines a substance's ability to dissolve in another substance?
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What is the primary function of mitochondria within a cell?
What is the primary function of mitochondria within a cell?
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Following photosynthesis, where does sugar primarily go within the cell?
Following photosynthesis, where does sugar primarily go within the cell?
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Why are plant cell vacuoles typically larger than those in animal cells?
Why are plant cell vacuoles typically larger than those in animal cells?
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Which of the following is a key difference between DNA and RNA?
Which of the following is a key difference between DNA and RNA?
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What is the primary function of the cell during interphase?
What is the primary function of the cell during interphase?
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Why do spinal cord and brain injuries often not heal effectively?
Why do spinal cord and brain injuries often not heal effectively?
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What does the concept of 'nature vs. nurture' in the context of offspring refer to?
What does the concept of 'nature vs. nurture' in the context of offspring refer to?
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Which of the following is NOT a typical method of plant pollination?
Which of the following is NOT a typical method of plant pollination?
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What is the primary result of crossing over during meiosis?
What is the primary result of crossing over during meiosis?
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In a lab setting, what is the first action to take if you get a chemical in your eye?
In a lab setting, what is the first action to take if you get a chemical in your eye?
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What is the most important reason for knowing the location of the fire extinguisher and first aid kit in a laboratory?
What is the most important reason for knowing the location of the fire extinguisher and first aid kit in a laboratory?
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What are the three main subatomic particles found in an atom?
What are the three main subatomic particles found in an atom?
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Which type of mixture is classified as having large particles that settle out after being left undisturbed?
Which type of mixture is classified as having large particles that settle out after being left undisturbed?
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Study Notes
Biology Multiple Choice
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Cell Structure: Genetic material (DNA) in an animal cell is found in the nucleus.
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Waste Digestion: Lysosomes are organelles that digest waste and food particles.
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Protein Production: Ribosomes synthesize proteins.
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Prokaryotic Organelles: Prokaryotic cells lack an endoplasmic reticulum.
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Cell Wall Function: The primary function of a cell wall is to provide support and protection.
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Photosynthesis: Chloroplasts are responsible for converting light energy into sugars during photosynthesis.
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Cell Movement: Flagella are used for cell movement (swimming).
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Prokaryotic DNA Location: Prokaryotic DNA is located in the nucleoid region, and sometimes plasmids.
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Cell Identification (from image): The best answer for an image will depend on visual features in the image. There's no image provided to determine the cell type.
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Photosynthesis Pigment: Chlorophyll is the green pigment that absorbs sunlight in photosynthesis.
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Gamete Production: Meiosis is the process of producing gametes (sperm and eggs).
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Sexual Reproduction: Fertilization occurs when gametes combine from two parents.
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Genetic Material: Chromosomes carry genetic material (DNA).
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Body Cell Production: Mitosis generates new body cells.
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Plant Fertilization: Plant fertilization can occur via wind, water currents, or animals.
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Meiosis Product: Meiosis produces reproductive cells (gametes) like sperm.
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Sexual Reproduction Benefits: Sexual reproduction increases genetic variation.
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Spontaneous Generation: Spontaneous generation proposes that living things arise from non-living matter. It is incorrect.
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Reproduction Definition: Reproduction involves forming offspring and making new cells.
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Offspring Description: Offspring are new organisms produced by living things.
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Cell Reproduction: Cells reproduce via cell division.
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DNA Structure: Chromatin is a collection of DNA threads. The repeating units are nucleotides.
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DNA Base Pairing: Adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine.
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DNA Structure (sides): The side of the DNA ladder consists of sugar and phosphate.
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RNA Function: RNA carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm to build proteins.
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DNA Base Sequence: If one strand has ACGTTGACT, the complementary strand is TGCAACTGA.
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Cell Cycle Stages: The stages of the cell cycle are interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
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Mitosis Prophase Event: Centromeres do not pull apart during prophase.
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Cell Cycle Differences (plants and animals): Plant cells have cell plate formation during cytokinesis.
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Mitosis Spindle Fiber Anchor: Centrioles anchor spindle fibers in animal cells during mitosis.
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Cell Division Calculation: If a cell divides every hour, after 8 hours there would be 256 cells (2^8).
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Amoeba Reproduction: Amoebas reproduce by mitotic cell division.
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Binary Fission Result: Binary fission produces two daughter cells that are equal in size and shape.
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Budding Example: Yeast reproduces through budding.
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Budding Cell Sizes: Budding results in two cells of different sizes.
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Mold Reproduction: Mold reproduction involves spores.
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Regeneration Capability: Some animals can regenerate lost body parts.
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Human Regeneration: Human regeneration is limited to specific tissues.
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Ribosome Structure: Ribosomes are composed of RNA and proteins.
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Mitosis Spindle Apparatus Aid: Centrioles work with the spindle apparatus in mitosis.
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Ribosome Production Site: Ribosomes are made in the nucleolus.
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Cell Movement Structures: Cilia aid in cell movement.
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Cytoplasm Definition: The cytoplasm is the fluid-filled region of the cell.
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Energy Production Organelle: Mitochondria produce ATP (energy) in eukaryotic cells.
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Waste Breakdown Organelle: Lysosomes break down waste material and cell parts.
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Cell Support Structures: Both microfilaments and microtubules provide cell structure and support.
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Prokaryotic Cell Definition: A prokaryotic cell is a unicellular organism lacking a nucleus.
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Binary Fission Example: Bacteria reproduce via binary fission.
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Mold Reproduction Method: Sporulation is the mold reproduction method.
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Mold Energy Source: Molds get energy from the food they grow on.
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Mold Reproductive Cells: Mold reproductive cells are spores.
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Plant Asexual Reproduction: Plant asexual reproduction can involve runners (layering).
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Plant Reproduction Methods: Plants can reproduce both sexually (with flowers) and asexually (runners/layering).
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Asexual Reproduction Disadvantages: Asexual reproduction disadvantages include limited genetic variation and potential harm from disease or environmental changes.
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Plant Cross-Pollination: Cross-pollination is when pollen from one plant lands on another plant's stigma.
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Human Fertilization Site: Fertilization in humans occurs in the fallopian tube.
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Meiosis Diagram Phase (1): Meiosis diagram with tetrads and chiasmata indicates prophase I.
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Meiosis Diagram Phase (2): Meiosis diagram with sister chromatids lining up indicates metaphase II.
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Flower Pistil: The pistil is the female part of the flower (stigma, style, ovule).
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Plant Sexual Reproduction Requirement: For sexual reproduction, a plant creates a seed.
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Human Fertilization Process: The process of human fertilization involves sperm breaking down the egg's membrane, fusion of membranes, hardening of egg membrane to prevent polyspermy, and combination of egg and sperm nuclei to form a zygote.
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Cellular Energy Production: Mitochondria produce ATP for cellular energy.
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Protein Synthesis: Ribosomes' primary function is protein synthesis.
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Protein Modification: The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins.
Chemistry Multiple Choice
- Physical Property Example: Corrosion is a chemical property, not a physical one.
- Pure Substance Classification: A substance containing carbon and oxygen is most likely a compound.
- Nuclear Component Absence: Electrons are not found in the nucleus of an atom.
- Matter Definition: Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.
- Malleability: The ability to be hammered into thin sheets is malleability.
- Definite Shape/Volume (State of Matter): Solids have a definite shape and volume.
- Mass Definition: Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object
- Volume Definition: Volume is the amount of space an object occupies.
- State Change Classification: A change in state of matter is a physical change.
- Chemical Property Example: Reactivity with oxygen is a chemical property.
- Matter Density: Density describes the amount of matter packed into a given volume.
- Gas Characteristics: Gases do not have a definite shape.
- Solubility Definition: Solubility is the ability of a substance to dissolve in another.
- Conductivity Definition: Conductivity is the ability to conduct heat or electricity.
- Liquid Particle Arrangement: Liquid particles are close together but can flow past each other.
- Boiling Point Transition: Water boils when it changes from a liquid to a gas.
- Melting Point Transition: Metals melt when they change from a solid to a liquid.
- Ductility Definition: Ductility is the ability to be drawn into wires.
- Chemical Change Example: Iron rusting is an example of a chemical change, not a physical change.
- Physical Property Example: Boiling point is a physical property.
- Liquid to Solid Change: Liquid changing into a solid is called freezing.
- Gas to Liquid Change: Changing a gas into a liquid is called condensation.
- Not a Physical Change: Burning wood is a chemical change, not a physical change.
- Smallest Unit of Matter: The smallest unit of matter is an atom.
- Particle Movement with Heat: Particles move faster when heated.
- Boiling Point Classification: Boiling point is a physical property.
- Stretching Ability: The ability to be stretched is elasticity, not ductility.
- Chemical Change Definition: A chemical change produces a new substance.
- Viscosity Definition: Viscosity is the resistance of a fluid to flow.
- Density Definition: Density is the amount of matter in a given volume.
- Chemical Property Example (in water): Water reacting with sodium is a chemical property.
- Qualitative vs. Quantitative: Boiling point, mass, are quantitative. Color, density, smell are qualitative.
- Qualitative/Quantitative Observation Example: "The liquid is blue" is qualitative; "The liquid has a mass of 50 grams" is quantitative.
- Physical Property: The property associated with the shininess of a substance is luster.
Biology Fill in the Blank
- Cell Theory Principles: All living things are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function, and cells come from pre-existing cells.
- Cell Structure Detail: The nucleus contains the genetic material (DNA) of eukaryotic cells, with the cell membrane acting as a protective barrier, mitochondria providing energy, ribosomes synthesizing proteins (in the cytoplasm or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum), and vacuoles storing water, nutrients, and waste (larger in plant cells). The cell wall (plant cells only) adds support and protection. Lysosomes break down cellular waste.
- Prokaryotic Cell Structure: Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, instead the genetic material (DNA) is contained within a nucleoid. The ribosomes in prokaryotic cells are smaller. Protection from harsh environments might be provided by a slime capsule. Movement may have flagella.. Prokaryotes reproduce asexually via binary fission.
- DNA Components: DNA's monomers are nucleotides, made of phosphate, sugar (deoxyribose), and nitrogenous bases (A, T, C, G).
- DNA Structure Detail: DNA forms a double helix, where bases pair (A with T, C with G), held together by hydrogen bonds with a sugar-phosphate backbone.
- Cell Cycle Components: The cell cycle includes interphase (growth, DNA replication), mitosis (chromosome separation), and cytokinesis.
- Mitosis Phases: Prophase (chromosomes condense), metaphase (chromosomes line up), anaphase (sister chromatids separate), telophase (new nuclei form), and cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm).
- Cytokinesis Differences (plants and animals): Plant cells form a cell plate, while animal cells pinch in half.
- Mitosis Chromosome Separators: Centrioles and spindle fibers guide chromosome movement during mitosis.
- Asexual Reproduction Types: Binary fission in unicellular organisms, budding, fragmentation, and vegetative reproduction (in plants).
- Sexual Reproduction Components: Sexual reproduction involves fusion of gametes and produces genetically diverse offspring, with male gametes called sperm and female gametes called egg. The fusion of gametes is called fertilization, this creates a zygote, and meiosis is the cell division that creates gametes.
- Meiosis Stages and Result: Meiosis proceeds through phases with homologous chromosomes separating during meiosis I. The resulting cells in meiosis II are haploid. Crossing over between homologous chromosomes during prophase I is critical for genetic variation.
- Flower Structure: The pistil is the female part of the flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary, while the stamen are the male parts of the flower with anther and filament.
Chemistry Fill in the Blank
- Matter Definition: Matter has mass and occupies space.
- States of Matter: The three states are solid, liquid, and gas.
- Solid Characteristics: Solids have a definite shape and volume.
- Liquid Characteristics: Liquids have a definite volume but take the shape of their container.
- Gas Characteristics: Gases don't have a definite shape or volume.
- Mass Definition: Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
- Volume Definition: Volume is the amount of space an object takes up.
Short Answer Biology
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Mitochondria in Muscle Cells: Muscle cells need more mitochondria to produce sufficient energy for muscle movement.
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Sugar Transport: Sugar will enter mitochondria for energy usage, or a vacuole for storage depending on need.
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Plant Cell Vacuoles: Plant vacuoles are larger for water storage due to the plant's immobile nature.
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RNA vs. DNA: DNA is double-stranded, uses A-T and C-G base pairs, uses deoxyribose sugar. RNA is single-stranded, uses A-U and C-G, and uses ribose sugar, with varieties like mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA.
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Interphase Activities: Interphase involves cell growth, DNA and organelle replication, protein synthesis, and ongoing cellular functions.
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Nerve Cell Repair: Spinal cord and brain injuries don't heal because nerve cells often get stuck in the interphase portion of the cycle.
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Plant Pollination: Wind, water, and insects (seeking nectar) are common plant pollination methods, with animals also playing a role.
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Crossing Over: Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis, which is crucial for genetic variation( diversity).
Short Answer Chemistry
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Chemical Exposure: If a chemical is in your eye, immediately flush the eye with water from the eyewash station or equivalent safety measure. Notify the teacher/instructor.
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Safety Equipment: Know the locations of fire extinguishers, first aid kits, eyewash stations.
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Atom Parts and Charges: Atoms have protons (positive, in the nucleus), neutrons (neutral, in the nucleus), and electrons (negative, orbiting the nucleus).
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Qualitative vs. Quantitative Data Examples: The examples are given across the different types of data, from data examples given across the different types of examples of data given.
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Material Classifications: Classify each material by whether it is an element, compound, solution, colloid, suspension, or a mechanical mixture
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Physical vs. Chemical Changes: A physical change affects matter's appearance but doesn't create a new substance; a chemical change produces a new substance.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your understanding of physical and chemical changes in this engaging quiz. Explore key concepts such as cell structures, types of changes, and the functions of various organelles. Perfect for science students looking to reinforce their knowledge.