Science Class 10: Key Concepts

Plant Parts

• Stems, roots, and fruits can be edible.

Oil Production

• Mustard seeds are used to produce oil.

Balanced Diet

• A balanced diet is a good source of nutrients.

Deficiency Diseases

• Iron deficiency leads to anemia.
• Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness.
• Iodine deficiency results in goitre.

Synthetic Fibers

• Wool is a natural fiber, not a synthetic fiber.

Liquid with Lustre

• Mercury is the only liquid metal. It has a shiny, metallic luster.

Water Separation

• Distillation can be used to separate water from salt.

Physical Change

• Melting of ice is a physical change.

Exothermic Reactions

• In an exothermic reaction, heat is released.

Measurements

• 10 millimeters (mm) equals 1 centimeter (cm).

Motion

• Random motion is characterized by changes in direction and an unfixed path.

Standard Unit of Length

• The standard unit of length is the meter.

Light Travel

• Light travels in straight lines.

Venus

• Venus is known as the morning and evening star.

Penicillin Discovery

• Sir Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928.

Indian Nuclear Program

• Homi J. Bhabha is considered the father of the Indian Nuclear Program.

Radio Invention

• Guglielmo Marconi is credited with inventing the radio.

Largest Volcano

• The largest volcano in our solar system is located on Mars.

Rain Water Harvesting

• Rainwater harvesting aims to decrease floods and droughts by collecting rainwater.

Water Evaporation

• The process of water moving from the surface of the earth to the atmosphere is called evaporation.

Vermicomposting

• Vermicomposting uses redworms to create compost.

Recycling

• Rubber tires cannot be recycled.

Human Body Composition

• Water makes up approximately 70% of the human body.

Magnetic Materials

• Copper is not a magnetic material. Iron, nickel, and cobalt are magnetic materials.

Water Insoluble Substances

• Water-insoluble substances do not dissolve in water. They often settle down at the bottom or float on the surface of water.

Indus River Tributary

• The Ravi River is a tributary of the Indus River.

Early Man Tools

• Tools of early humans were made of stone.

Neolithic Man Lifestyle

• Neolithic people lived in small, communal villages.

Indus Civilization Worship

• The Indus civilization worshipped a Mother Goddess.

Vedic Period and Aryan Civilization

• The Vedic period is associated with the Aryan civilization.
• The Aryans developed a social structure based on four classes: Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras.
• The Vedas, ancient sacred texts, contain hymns, prayers, and rituals.
• The four Vedas are: Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda, and Atharva Veda.

Indus Valley Civilization

• The Indus Valley civilization is known for its advanced urban planning, with well-planned cities and sophisticated drainage systems.
• The Indus people were skilled craftspeople who developed advanced pottery and seals with unique script.
• The Indus Valley Civilization was known for the production of cotton textiles, which is why they have been referred to as “the cotton people”.
• The famous cities of the Indus Valley Civilization are Mohenjo-daro and Harappa.
• The Indus people practiced agriculture and livestock rearing.