Science Chapter: Matter and Atoms
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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the Greek philosopher who first proposed the concept of the atom?

Democritus

What are the three basic particles that atoms consist of?

  • Quarks, Leptons, and Bosons
  • Nucleons, Electrons, and Quarks
  • Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons (correct)

The nucleus of an atom is positively charged due to the presence of protons.

True (A)

What are protons and neutrons collectively called?

<p>Nucleons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the model of an atom that proposes protons and neutrons are in a central nucleus with electrons orbiting around it?

<p>Nuclear Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electrons are negatively charged particles found orbiting the nucleus of an atom.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of a proton?

<p>+1</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge of an electron?

<p>-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Atoms are the basic units of matter and they are defined by chemical elements.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the atomic number of an element represent?

<p>The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the smallest identifiable unit into which a pure substance can be divided while retaining its composition and chemical properties?

<p>Molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water is a good example of a molecule, as it is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is matter?

Anything that occupies space and has mass.

What does matter refer to?

All substances that make up the universe.

What are atoms?

Minute and indestructible particles that make up all matter.

What are atoms considered to be?

The basic building blocks of matter, made of even smaller particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons).

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Who is Democritus?

A Greek philosopher who theorized that matter is composed of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms.

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What is a molecule?

A group of two or more atoms bound together, representing the smallest unit of a chemical compound involved in chemical reactions.

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What is Chemistry?

The study of the nature of matter, its substances and properties.

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What is a vacuum?

A volume of space that contains no matter.

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How can matter be classified?

Matter can be classified into pure substances and mixtures.

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What is a pure substance?

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.

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What is a mixture?

A combination of two or more pure substances, where each substance retains its own properties.

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What is the nucleus of an atom?

The center of an atom containing protons (positively charged) and neutrons (no charge).

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What are protons?

Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

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What are electrons?

Negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom.

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What are neutrons?

Particles with no charge found in the nucleus of an atom.

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What is the atomic number?

The number of protons in an atom. It also equals the number of electrons in a neutral atom.

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What is the mass number?

The sum of the protons and neutrons in an atom. Represents the mass of the atom.

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How do you find the number of neutrons in an atom?

A way to figure out the number of neutrons in an atom. Subtract the atomic number from the mass number.

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What is the nuclear model of an atom?

The model of an atom that depicts protons and neutrons in a central nucleus with electrons orbiting around it.

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What is atomism?

The idea that matter is made up of tiny, indivisible particles (atoms).

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What is Dalton's Atomic Theory?

A theory about the nature of atoms. It was proposed by John Dalton, and it has several key assumptions.

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What is considered to be the basic unit of matter?

The smallest particle of an element that retains the chemical properties of that element. It is also known as the basic unit of matter.

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What is an element?

A substance composed of only one type of atom, like gold (Au) or oxygen (O).

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What is a compound?

A substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio.

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What is the charge of an ion?

The total charge of an ion. It is determined by the difference between the number of protons and electrons.

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What is an ion?

An atom that has gained or lost electrons, giving it a net positive or negative charge. For example: Sodium ion (Na+); Chloride ion (Cl-)

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What is a physical property?

A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's composition. Examples include color, density, melting point, boiling point.

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What is a chemical property?

A characteristic that describes how a substance reacts chemically. Examples include flammability, reactivity with acids.

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What is a physical change?

A change in the form or appearance of a substance, but not its chemical composition. Examples: melting, freezing, boiling, sublimation.

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What is a chemical change?

A change that results in the formation of a new substance with different chemical properties. Examples: burning, rusting, cooking.

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Study Notes

Matter

  • Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
  • All matter is made up of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms.
  • Matter can be classified as pure substances or mixtures.
  • A vacuum is any space that does not contain any matter.

Atoms

  • Atoms are the basic units of matter.
  • Atoms are composed of even smaller particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
  • Protons have a positive charge, electrons have a negative charge, and neutrons have no charge.
  • Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, which is the center of the atom.
  • Electrons orbit the nucleus.
  • The number of protons in an atom is its atomic number.
  • The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is its mass number.
  • Democritus, a Greek philosopher, is considered a central figure in the development of the Atomic Theory.

Atomic Structure

  • Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons
  • The nucleus is at the center of the atom
  • Protons and neutrons are found within the nucleus
  • Electrons are found in the space outside the nucleus

Subatomic Particles

  • Protons (p+): positively charged particles found in the nucleus.
  • Neutrons (n0): neutral particles found in the nucleus.
  • Electrons (e-): negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus in shells or orbitals.

Atomic Theory (Dalton)

  • Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms.
  • All atoms of a given element are identical, but atoms of different elements are different.
  • Atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios to form chemical compounds.
  • Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions.

Molecules

  • A molecule is a group of two or more atoms bonded together.
  • Molecules form by atoms combining.
  • Molecules can be simple (like oxygen or water), complex (like caffeine), or have repeating units (like DNA).
  • The composition of a molecule dictates its chemical properties.

How to Determine the Number of Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons

  • Number of protons = atomic number
  • Number of electrons = atomic number (in a neutral atom)
  • Number of neutrons = mass number – atomic number
  • The charge of the atom is the difference between the number of protons and electrons.

Atomic Number

  • The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
  • The atomic number uniquely identifies an element.
  • The atomic number is located at the top of an element's box in the periodic table.

Chemical Bonding

  • Chemical bonding happens due to the interactions between electrons in atoms.
  • Bonding can be ionic, covalent, or metallic, which involve the sharing or transfer of electrons between atoms

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Matter, Atoms, and Molecules Notes PDF

Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of matter and atomic structure in this quiz. Understand the composition and classification of matter, as well as the role of atoms in forming all substances. Test your knowledge on particle behavior, atomic theory, and much more!

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