Science Chapter 2 Matter Flashcards

Matter

• Defined as anything with mass that occupies space; excludes light and sound.

Classification of Matter

• Matter is categorized as elements, mixtures, or compounds.

Element

• A pure substance that cannot be simplified chemically.
• Carbon and copper are elements as they consist solely of their respective atoms.

Atom

• The smallest unit of an element retaining its chemical properties.

Body Composition

• Oxygen represents 65% of the body's total weight, making it the most abundant element.

Molecule

• The smallest unit of a substance that maintains the properties of that substance.

Relationship between Elements and Compounds

• Elements can combine to form compounds; for example, water (H2O) consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

Compound

• A substance consisting of atoms from different elements, each with unique properties.

Chemical Characterization

• Each molecule in a compound features two or more chemically combined elements; represented by chemical formulas like H2O.

Purity

• A pure substance has a fixed composition and is not mixed with other substances.

Mixture

• A combination of substances that are not chemically bonded.

Classification of Mixtures

• Mixtures can be classified based on how well their components are blended.

Heterogeneous Mixture

• Mixtures that are not uniformly mixed, exhibiting distinct regions.

Homogeneous Mixture

• Mixtures that are evenly combined, resulting in a consistent composition.

Miscibility

• Refers to the ability of substances to mix; miscible substances can be blended, while immiscible substances cannot.

Specific Mixture Examples

• Carbonated drinks are categorized as homogeneous mixtures.

Alloy

• A metal created by combining two or more metallic elements to enhance strength or corrosion resistance.