Science Chapter 19 Review Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the difference between weather and meteorology?

Weather is the current condition of the atmosphere. Meteorology is the study of the atmosphere and knowing it to predict the weather.

What are the two reference points of both the Celsius and Fahrenheit temperature scales?

Freezing and boiling.

Toward which direction is an east wind blowing?

West.

Name the direction of the wind if a weather vane is pointing at 225° by compass.

Southwest (SW). Signup and view all the answers

If the absolute humidity of the air on a summer's day is 15g/m³, and it could hold 25g/m³, what is the relative humidity of the air?

About 60%. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important factor in the development of a regional wind?

Pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What causes winds to deflect as they blow over long distances?

Coriolis effect. Signup and view all the answers

What factor doesn't affect high-altitude winds as much as surface winds?

Friction. Signup and view all the answers

What direction would regional winds near the surface at 20°S tend to blow?

Northwest (NW). Signup and view all the answers

What wind system influences most of the weather in the United States?

Prevailing Westerlies. Signup and view all the answers

What part of the day would you expect winds to be calm at the seashore?

Dawn or dusk. Signup and view all the answers

What condition must exist in a mass of air for a cloud to form?

Must be at or below the dew point. Signup and view all the answers

Why do air masses cool as they are forced upward?

The movement between particles causes them to lose heat. Signup and view all the answers

How can supercooled water be a problem?

An aircraft could crash, roads freeze, power lines break. Signup and view all the answers

How would you classify (name) fluffy high-level clouds?

Cirrocumulus. Signup and view all the answers

Why is the cloud name altocirrus incorrect?

Cirrus are in the high-altitude and alto- are for mid-latitude clouds. Signup and view all the answers

Compare the size of a cloud droplet to an average raindrop.

Cloud droplet - 0.02mm and rain drop - 5mm. Signup and view all the answers

Compare and contrast freezing rain and sleet.

Freezing rain falls as a liquid until it hits the surface and immediately solidifies. Sleet falls as a solid. Signup and view all the answers

Describe how hailstones grow.

Supercooled water gets caught in the updrafts and coalesces until they get so heavy that they fall as hail. Signup and view all the answers

What are the minimum differences in weather conditions needed to form frost instead of dew?

Dew point and air temperature has to be below freezing to have frost. Signup and view all the answers

Do you think humans will one day be able to control the weather until any degree of success? Why or why not?

No, because only God can control the weather. We are only able to predict it. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Weather and Meteorology

Weather refers to the current atmospheric conditions.
Meteorology is the scientific study of the atmosphere, enabling weather predictions.

Temperature Scales

Celsius and Fahrenheit scales reference points: freezing and boiling.

Wind Directions

An east wind blows toward the west.
A weather vane pointing at 225° indicates a southwest wind.
Regional winds at 20°S typically blow northwest.

Humidity

If absolute humidity is 15g/m³ and the air can hold 25g/m³, relative humidity is approximately 60%.

Wind Factors and Effects

The primary factor in the formation of regional winds is atmospheric pressure.
Winds deflect over long distances due to the Coriolis effect.
High-altitude winds are less influenced by friction compared to surface winds.

Seaside Wind Patterns

Winds tend to be calm at seashores during dawn or dusk.

Cloud Formation

For clouds to form, air must reach or drop below the dew point.
Air masses cool upward due to particle movement resulting in heat loss.

Weather Hazards

Supercooled water can lead to dangerous conditions, such as aircraft crashes or icy roads.

Cloud Characteristics

Fluffy high-level clouds are classified as cirrocumulus.
The term "altocirrus" is incorrect because cirrus are high-altitude clouds, while alto- refers to mid-level clouds.

Cloud Droplets and Raindrops

A typical cloud droplet measures about 0.02mm, while an average raindrop is around 5mm.

Precipitation Types

Freezing rain falls as liquid and instantly solidifies upon contact with surfaces.
Sleet falls in solid form.

Hail Formation

Hailstones develop through supercooled water being lifted by updrafts, coalescing until they are heavy enough to fall.

Frost Formation

Frost forms when both the dew point and air temperature are below freezing.

Weather Control Perspectives

Controlling the weather is seen as beyond human capability; predictions are possible, but ultimate control is thought to belong to a divine power according to some beliefs.

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Description

Test your knowledge with these flashcards on Science Chapter 19. The questions cover essential concepts such as weather, temperature scales, and wind direction. Perfect for a quick review or study session!