Questions and Answers
What is a starting point used to describe the position of an object?
reference point
What is the direction you must travel from the reference point toward an object?
reference direction
What are units like meters, kilometers, and centimeters used to describe?
distance
What three things do you need to describe an object's position?
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What are positive and negative measurements of distance used to describe?
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What is one way to describe the position of an object?
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What quantity has both a size and direction?
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How are vectors often drawn?
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What is position an example of?
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What does the length of a position vector show?
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How many reference directions does a map have? What are they?
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What can be drawn as a graph used to represent the location of objects with 2 reference directions?
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Which direction is usually on the x-axis?
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Which direction is usually on the y-axis?
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What is another word for origin or starting point?
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What must be chosen to be the reference point of a two-dimensional graph?
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What is the difference between the initial position and the final position of an object in a straight line?
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Is displacement a vector? Why?
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What is the rate of change of position over a period of time?
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What measures the change in one quantity in a particular length of time?
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When does an object travel the same distance each and every second?
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What is the speed of an object at a specific instant of time?
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Which is used to measure the speed for objects whose speed changes--instantaneous speed or constant speed?
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What is total distance traveled divided by the total time it traveled?
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What is the equation for average speed?
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How many quantities in the average speed equation do you need to find the third?
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What is the unit for speed made up of?
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What is the measurement of both the speed and direction of motion of an object?
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Is velocity a vector?
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Why is speed different from velocity?
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What is the rate at which velocity changes over time?
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Is acceleration a vector?
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Is speed a vector?
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When an object speeds up, is the direction of its acceleration the same or opposite as the direction of its motion?
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When an object slows down, is the direction of its acceleration the same or opposite as the direction of its motion?
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What changes when the object changes its direction, velocity, acceleration, or both?
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On a position-time graph, what is usually on the x-axis?
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On a position-time graph, what is usually on the y-axis?
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What is the steepness of a line?
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What can be determined by looking at the slope of a line that represents an object's motion?
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The steeper the slope, the ______ the object was moving.
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The flatter the slope, the ________ the object was moving.
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What is the vertical change on a graph as an object moves between two points?
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What is the horizontal change on a graph as an object moves between two points?
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Run: x-axis or y-axis?
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Rise: x-axis or y-axis?
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What can be calculated by dividing the rise between two points on the line by the run between two points on the line?
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Only objects moving at _________ have straight line position-time graphs.
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The _________ of the entire trip of an object that does not have a constant speed can be calculated by finding the slope between the starting and ending data points on the graph.
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When a speed-time graph has a horizontal line, it represents _____.
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What happens to the line on a speed-time graph when it is speeding up?
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What happens to the line on a speed-time graph when it is slowing down?
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Study Notes
Position and Reference Terms
- Reference Point: A starting point to describe an object's position.
- Reference Direction: The direction traveled from the reference point toward the object.
- Distance: Measured in units like meters, kilometers, and centimeters; describes how far apart objects are.
- Key Elements for Position Description: Reference point, reference direction, and distance are essential to identify an object's location.
Vectors and Position
- Positions: Represented through positive and negative distance measurements.
- Vector: A quantity that encompasses both size and direction.
- Position Vector: An arrow indicating the position of an object in relation to the reference point; its length shows the distance from the reference point to the object.
Graphing Directions
- Map Reference Directions: Typically two: east-west and north-south.
- Two-Dimensional Graph: Utilizes two reference directions for representing objects' locations.
- Axes Orientation: East is commonly plotted on the x-axis, while north is plotted on the y-axis.
Displacement and Speed
- Displacement: The straight-line difference between an object's initial and final positions; indicates direction and size, qualifying as a vector.
- Speed: The rate of position change over time.
- Instantaneous and Average Speed: Instantaneous speed refers to speed at a specific moment, while average speed is calculated as total distance traveled divided by total time.
Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration
- Velocity: Speed with direction, making it a vector quantity; contrasts with speed which lacks directional information.
- Acceleration: The rate at which velocity changes; also a vector.
- Object Motion: If an object speeds up, its acceleration aligns with its direction. If it slows down, acceleration is opposite to its direction.
Graph Interpretation
- Position-Time Graphs: Typically plot position on the x-axis and time on the y-axis.
- Slope of Graphs: Indicates speed; a steeper slope signifies faster movement while a flatter slope indicates slower movement.
- Change Measurement: "Rise" represents vertical change while "run" represents horizontal change on graphs.
Speed-Time Graphs
- Horizontal line on Speed-Time Graph: Indicates constant speed.
- Graph Curvature: An upward curve signals acceleration (speeding up), while a downward curve indicates deceleration (slowing down).
- Average Speed Calculation: Derived from the overall slope between starting and ending points on a graph, particularly useful for variable speeds.
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Description
Test your knowledge of key concepts in Science Chapter 1 with these flashcards. Each card features important terms and definitions that will help clarify your understanding of reference points, distance, and directions in science. Perfect for reviewing basic concepts or preparing for exams.
