Science Chapter 1 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is a starting point used to describe the position of an object?

reference point

What is the direction you must travel from the reference point toward an object?

reference direction

What are units like meters, kilometers, and centimeters used to describe?

distance

What three things do you need to describe an object's position?

<p>reference point, reference direction, distance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are positive and negative measurements of distance used to describe?

<p>positions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to describe the position of an object?

<p>an arrow pointing from the reference point</p> Signup and view all the answers

What quantity has both a size and direction?

<p>vector</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are vectors often drawn?

<p>an arrow pointing away from the reference point</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is position an example of?

<p>vector</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the length of a position vector show?

<p>the distance from the reference point to the object</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many reference directions does a map have? What are they?

<p>2; east-west and north-south</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be drawn as a graph used to represent the location of objects with 2 reference directions?

<p>a two-dimensional graph</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which direction is usually on the x-axis?

<p>east</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which direction is usually on the y-axis?

<p>north</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another word for origin or starting point?

<p>reference point</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be chosen to be the reference point of a two-dimensional graph?

<p>location</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the initial position and the final position of an object in a straight line?

<p>displacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is displacement a vector? Why?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate of change of position over a period of time?

<p>speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What measures the change in one quantity in a particular length of time?

<p>rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does an object travel the same distance each and every second?

<p>constant speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the speed of an object at a specific instant of time?

<p>instantaneous speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is used to measure the speed for objects whose speed changes--instantaneous speed or constant speed?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is total distance traveled divided by the total time it traveled?

<p>average speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for average speed?

<p>v = d/t</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many quantities in the average speed equation do you need to find the third?

<p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit for speed made up of?

<p>distance unit divided by time unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the measurement of both the speed and direction of motion of an object?

<p>velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is velocity a vector?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is speed different from velocity?

<p>speed does not include the direction of an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate at which velocity changes over time?

<p>acceleration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is acceleration a vector?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is speed a vector?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

When an object speeds up, is the direction of its acceleration the same or opposite as the direction of its motion?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

When an object slows down, is the direction of its acceleration the same or opposite as the direction of its motion?

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What changes when the object changes its direction, velocity, acceleration, or both?

<p>both</p> Signup and view all the answers

On a position-time graph, what is usually on the x-axis?

<p>position</p> Signup and view all the answers

On a position-time graph, what is usually on the y-axis?

<p>time</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the steepness of a line?

<p>slope</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be determined by looking at the slope of a line that represents an object's motion?

<p>speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

The steeper the slope, the ______ the object was moving.

<p>faster</p> Signup and view all the answers

The flatter the slope, the ________ the object was moving.

<p>slower</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the vertical change on a graph as an object moves between two points?

<p>rise</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the horizontal change on a graph as an object moves between two points?

<p>run</p> Signup and view all the answers

Run: x-axis or y-axis?

<p>x-axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Rise: x-axis or y-axis?

<p>y-axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be calculated by dividing the rise between two points on the line by the run between two points on the line?

<p>slope</p> Signup and view all the answers

Only objects moving at _________ have straight line position-time graphs.

<p>constant speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

The _________ of the entire trip of an object that does not have a constant speed can be calculated by finding the slope between the starting and ending data points on the graph.

<p>average speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a speed-time graph has a horizontal line, it represents _____.

<p>constant speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the line on a speed-time graph when it is speeding up?

<p>curves up to the right</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the line on a speed-time graph when it is slowing down?

<p>curves down to the right</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Position and Reference Terms

  • Reference Point: A starting point to describe an object's position.
  • Reference Direction: The direction traveled from the reference point toward the object.
  • Distance: Measured in units like meters, kilometers, and centimeters; describes how far apart objects are.
  • Key Elements for Position Description: Reference point, reference direction, and distance are essential to identify an object's location.

Vectors and Position

  • Positions: Represented through positive and negative distance measurements.
  • Vector: A quantity that encompasses both size and direction.
  • Position Vector: An arrow indicating the position of an object in relation to the reference point; its length shows the distance from the reference point to the object.

Graphing Directions

  • Map Reference Directions: Typically two: east-west and north-south.
  • Two-Dimensional Graph: Utilizes two reference directions for representing objects' locations.
  • Axes Orientation: East is commonly plotted on the x-axis, while north is plotted on the y-axis.

Displacement and Speed

  • Displacement: The straight-line difference between an object's initial and final positions; indicates direction and size, qualifying as a vector.
  • Speed: The rate of position change over time.
  • Instantaneous and Average Speed: Instantaneous speed refers to speed at a specific moment, while average speed is calculated as total distance traveled divided by total time.

Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration

  • Velocity: Speed with direction, making it a vector quantity; contrasts with speed which lacks directional information.
  • Acceleration: The rate at which velocity changes; also a vector.
  • Object Motion: If an object speeds up, its acceleration aligns with its direction. If it slows down, acceleration is opposite to its direction.

Graph Interpretation

  • Position-Time Graphs: Typically plot position on the x-axis and time on the y-axis.
  • Slope of Graphs: Indicates speed; a steeper slope signifies faster movement while a flatter slope indicates slower movement.
  • Change Measurement: "Rise" represents vertical change while "run" represents horizontal change on graphs.

Speed-Time Graphs

  • Horizontal line on Speed-Time Graph: Indicates constant speed.
  • Graph Curvature: An upward curve signals acceleration (speeding up), while a downward curve indicates deceleration (slowing down).
  • Average Speed Calculation: Derived from the overall slope between starting and ending points on a graph, particularly useful for variable speeds.

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Test your knowledge of key concepts in Science Chapter 1 with these flashcards. Each card features important terms and definitions that will help clarify your understanding of reference points, distance, and directions in science. Perfect for reviewing basic concepts or preparing for exams.

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