Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was a significant focus of science during the American period in the Philippines?
What was a significant focus of science during the American period in the Philippines?
- Nuclear physics
- Aerospace engineering
- Agriculture, food processing, medicine, and pharmacy (correct)
- Telecommunications technology
What event significantly increased European influence and access to the Philippines, allowing some Filipinos to study in Europe?
What event significantly increased European influence and access to the Philippines, allowing some Filipinos to study in Europe?
- The end of World War II
- The start of the Galleon Trade
- The opening of the Suez Canal (correct)
- The Treaty of Tordesillas
Which institution, established during the Spanish colonial era, is recognized as the oldest existing university in Asia?
Which institution, established during the Spanish colonial era, is recognized as the oldest existing university in Asia?
- Ateneo de Manila University
- University of Santo Tomas (correct)
- University of the Philippines
- San Beda University
Under whose presidency was the National Science and Technology Authority replaced by the Department of Science and Technology?
Under whose presidency was the National Science and Technology Authority replaced by the Department of Science and Technology?
What was established on July 1, 1901, by the Philippine Commission to advance scientific study under American rule?
What was established on July 1, 1901, by the Philippine Commission to advance scientific study under American rule?
What primarily characterized science and technology in the Philippines before Spanish colonization?
What primarily characterized science and technology in the Philippines before Spanish colonization?
What government body is primarily responsible for managing and directing science and technology initiatives in the Philippines?
What government body is primarily responsible for managing and directing science and technology initiatives in the Philippines?
What was a key goal of the Science and Technology Master Plan (STMP) created under Corazon Aquino's Presidential Task Force?
What was a key goal of the Science and Technology Master Plan (STMP) created under Corazon Aquino's Presidential Task Force?
Which factor contributed to a lack of focus on industrial technology development during the American period?
Which factor contributed to a lack of focus on industrial technology development during the American period?
What did Corazon Aquino emphasize in her 1990 State of the Nation Address regarding science and technology?
What did Corazon Aquino emphasize in her 1990 State of the Nation Address regarding science and technology?
President Carlos P. Garcia's administration saw the passage of which significant legislation related to science?
President Carlos P. Garcia's administration saw the passage of which significant legislation related to science?
What impact did the 1973 Constitution, Article XV, section 1 have on scientific research and invention?
What impact did the 1973 Constitution, Article XV, section 1 have on scientific research and invention?
During which period in Philippine history did science and technology experience both intense growth and long periods of stagnation?
During which period in Philippine history did science and technology experience both intense growth and long periods of stagnation?
What was the primary reason the budget allocation for science and technology was trimmed down in the years 1990 and 1991 after an increase in 1989?
What was the primary reason the budget allocation for science and technology was trimmed down in the years 1990 and 1991 after an increase in 1989?
A hypothetical president of the Philippines aims to emulate the most effective strategies from past administrations to bolster the nation's science and technology sector. Considering the historical antecedents, which combined approach would likely yield the best results?
A hypothetical president of the Philippines aims to emulate the most effective strategies from past administrations to bolster the nation's science and technology sector. Considering the historical antecedents, which combined approach would likely yield the best results?
Flashcards
S&T in the Philippines
S&T in the Philippines
Science and technology in the Philippines has experienced periods of both intense growth and stagnation.
Managing agency for S&T in the Philippines
Managing agency for S&T in the Philippines
The Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
Pre-Spanish Era S&T
Pre-Spanish Era S&T
Even before Spanish colonization, natives had practices linked to science and technology, including knowledge of medicinal plants.
Spanish Influence on S&T
Spanish Influence on S&T
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Galleon Trade Impact
Galleon Trade Impact
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American Era S&T Focus
American Era S&T Focus
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American Period S&T Focus
American Period S&T Focus
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Institute of Science
Institute of Science
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Science in the 1970s
Science in the 1970s
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Aquino S&T Reform
Aquino S&T Reform
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Science Act of 1958
Science Act of 1958
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Medium Term Philippine Development Plan (1987-1992)
Medium Term Philippine Development Plan (1987-1992)
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STMP Goal
STMP Goal
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Study Notes
Historical Antecedents in the Philippines
- Science and technology in the Philippines has experienced periods of intense growth and stagnation
- The Department of Science and Technology is the main managing agency for science and technology in the Philippines
- Maria Orosa is one of numerous national scientists who have contributed in different fields of science
Pre-Spanish Era
- Natives of the Philippine archipelago already had practices linked to science and technology before Spanish colonization
- Filipinos were aware of the medical and therapeutic properties of plants and methods of extracting medicine from herbs
Spanish Colonial Era
- Colonization of the Philippines contributed to the growth of science and technology in the archipelago
- The Spanish introduced formal education and founded scientific institutions
- The Spanish established colleges and universities in the archipelago including the oldest existing university in Asia, the University of Santo Tomas
Galleon Trade
- Trade was given more focus by Spanish colonial authorities due to the prospects of big profits
- The opening of the Suez Canal saw the influx of European visitors to the Spanish colony, and some Filipinos were able to study in Europe, likely influenced by the rapid development of scientific ideals from the Age of Enlightenment
American Period
- Progress of science and technology in the Philippines continued under American rule of the islands
- July 1, 1901, the Philippine Commission established the Bureau of Government Laboratories under the Department of Interior
- The Bureau replaced the Laboratorio Municipal, established during the Spanish colonial era, and studied tropical diseases and laboratory projects
- Science was inclined toward agriculture, food processing, forestry, medicine, and pharmacy during the American period
- Minimal focus was given to industrial technology development due to free trade policy with the United States, which nurtured an economy geared towards agriculture and trade
- In 1946, the Bureau of Science was replaced by the Institute of Science
- The US Economic Survey to the Philippines reported in 1950 a lack of basic information needed for industries, lack of support for experimental work, minimal budget for scientific research, and low salaries for scientists employed by the government
- In 1958, during President Carlos P. Garcia's regime, the Philippine Congress passed the Science Act of 1958, establishing the National Science Development
Post Commonwealth Era
- The 1970s, under Ferdinand Marcos' presidency saw a growth of science
- Under the 1973 Constitution Article XV Section 1, the government role supporting scientific research and invention was acknowledged
- In 1974, a science development program was included in the government's Four Year Development Plan, covering 1974-1978
- In 1986, during Corazon Aquino's presidency, the National Science and Technology Authority was replaced by the Department of Science and Technology, giving science and technology a representation in the cabinet
- The Medium Term Philippine Development Plan for 1987-1992 highlighted science and technology's role in economic recovery and sustained economic growth
- In 1990, Corazon Aquino stated that science and technology development was one of the top three priorities of the government towards economic recovery
- August 8, 1988, Corazon Aquino created the Presidential Task Force for Science and Technology, which developed the first Science and Technology Master Plan (STMP)
- STMP goal was for the Philippines to achieve newly industrialized country status by 2000
- Congress did not prioritize bills related to science, and the Senate Committee on Science and Technology handled the least amount of bills for deliberation
- Former Science and Technology secretary Ceferin Follosco reported the budget for science and technology increased to 1.054 billion pesos in 1989, from 464 million pesos the previous year
- Due to the Asian financial crisis, budget allocation for 1990 and 1991 were trimmed to 920 and 854 million pesos, respectively, but increased to 1.7 billion pesos in 1992
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