Research Quiz - Week 1 (pt1)
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Questions and Answers

Which Latin word is the ancestor of the English word 'science'?

  • sciēns
  • knowledge
  • scīre (correct)
  • quest

    • What does it mean to understand research?

  • To gain knowledge
  • To question validity (correct)
  • To pass a university course
  • To read science news online

    • What is one form of misinformation in science news?

  • Subtle misinformation (correct)
  • Replicated findings
  • Misinformation from biased sources
  • Obvious misinformation

    • What can a journalist do to misrepresent scientific findings?

    <p>Cite the findings of one study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a thinking person do when reading science news online?

    <p>Question the validity of what they read</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What skills will this unit provide?

    <p>Skills to ask the right questions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Living in a world of social media and newsfeeds requires a person to...

    <p>Question the validity of what they read</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reasoning involves going from the specific to the general?

    <p>Induction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reasoning involves going from the general to the specific?

    <p>Deduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach to hypothesis testing involves attempting to disprove hypotheses?

    <p>Falsificationism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach to hypothesis testing involves verifying statements through individual experiments?

    <p>Logical positivism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which position holds that we should seek empirical adequacy rather than categorical truth?

    <p>Naturalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of acquiring knowledge involves thinking or feeling without reasoning or evidence?

    <p>Intuition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of acquiring knowledge involves using highly respected sources?

    <p>Authority</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method of acquiring knowledge involves using logic and reasoning?

    <p>Rationalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reasoning involves going from the specific to the general?

    <p>Induction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approach preferred by Karl Popper for hypothesis testing?

    <p>Falsificationism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does naturalism suggest in the context of science?

    <p>Seek empirical adequacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach to hypothesis testing focuses on empirical adequacy rather than absolute proof or disproof of hypotheses?

    <p>Naturalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reasoning involves going from specific observations to form hypotheses or theories?

    <p>Inductive Reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach to hypothesis testing emphasizes attempting to disprove or falsify hypotheses?

    <p>Falsificationism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of reasoning involves deriving specific conclusions or predictions from general principles or theories?

    <p>Deductive Reasoning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key characteristic of scientific research?

    <p>Empiricism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the logic of discovery in scientific research?

    <p>Generating new ideas or hypotheses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of scientific research?

    <p>Generating new knowledge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the scientist-practitioner model in psychology?

    <p>A model that integrates scientific research and practical application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does evidence-based practice refer to?

    <p>Using interventions or treatments validated through rigorous research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the logic of discovery and the logic of justification?

    <p>The logic of discovery involves generating new ideas, while the logic of justification involves testing hypotheses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pseudoscience?

    <p>A scientific research that lacks empirical evidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is theory-informed practice?

    <p>Using theoretical knowledge to guide practice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the assumptions in scientific research?

    <p>Knowledge is always developing and open to questioning and revision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristics of scientific research?

    <p>Objectivity, reproducibility, predictability, and controllability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is a significant predictor of psychotherapy outcomes?

    <p>Quality of the therapeutic relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of heuristics in judgement?

    <p>Heuristics lead to biases in judgement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bystander effect?

    <p>The phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when others are present</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of past experiences, motivations, and expectations on knowledge acquisition?

    <p>They influence the interpretation of sensory signals and the knowledge acquired from experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is empirical research important in psychology?

    <p>Empirical research validates practices and theories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential limitation of relying solely on rationalism in knowledge acquisition?

    <p>Different people can reach different conclusions from the same premises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the subjective nature of experience?

    <p>Experiences are influenced by past experiences, motivations, and expectations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the document highlight about memory?

    <p>Memories can be fallible and inaccurate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors impact psychotherapy outcomes?

    <p>Personal characteristics of the client and psychologist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential risk of misinformation in society?

    <p>The shift from expert information to popular information</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main assumptions underlying scientific research?

    <p>Uniformity in nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the assumption of reality in nature mean?

    <p>Events or objects we perceive with our senses are completely real</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the assumption of discoverability mean?

    <p>We can discover the regularities that exist in nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between uniformity and causal relationships?

    <p>Uniformity is necessary for scientists to search for causal relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between reality in nature and empirical research?

    <p>Empirical research requires the assumption of reality in nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of discoverability in scientific research?

    <p>Discoverability allows scientists to observe real events and objects in nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main assumptions underlying scientific research?

    <p>Uniformity, reality, and discoverability in nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of modern scientific research?

    <p>Meta-analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of replication in scientific research?

    <p>To ensure the results of one study are trustworthy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of theory in scientific research?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a theory in science?

    <p>An explanation reached through examination and analysis of facts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the deductive part of science?

    <p>The logic or context of justification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it mean if a study is not replicable?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does operationalism mean in scientific research?

    <p>Using specific and consistent definitions for variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be present in scientific research to ensure reliability and trustworthiness?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle in research refers to the ability to repeat a study using the same methods under the same conditions and get similar results?

    <p>Replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the belief that patterns exist in the natural world, which allows researchers to predict and understand behavior?

    <p>Assumption of Uniformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept that every event, including human cognition and behavior, is causally determined by an unbroken chain of prior occurrences?

    <p>Determinism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assumption in scientific research refers to the idea that concepts in scientific theories must be definable by measurable operations?

    <p>Operationalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process in scientific research that involves gathering all pieces of information and then integrating them in a way that makes sense?

    <p>Discoverability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the belief that our senses provide us with direct awareness of the external world?

    <p>Reality in Nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which assumption in scientific research refers to the fact that all extraneous variables are kept constant so that the effect of the independent variable on the dependent one can be viewed more clearly?

    <p>Control in Research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are not guaranteed causes, but ones that increase the likelihood of a particular outcome?

    <p>Probabilistic Causes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the assumption that the regularities or patterns that exist in nature can be discovered through scientific research?

    <p>Discoverability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the belief that our senses provide us with direct awareness of the external world?

    <p>Reality in Nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes meta-analysis?

    <p>A statistical procedure for combining data from multiple studies to generate more accurate results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the deductive part of the scientific process?

    <p>Using theories to direct future research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between theory and research?

    <p>Theories explain why something happens, while research tests these explanations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is publication bias?

    <p>Positive results are more likely to be published than negative or null results</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the placebo effect?

    <p>The psychological benefit from a treatment that is not the active ingredient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text highlight about stress measurement?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the text use the analogy of a jigsaw puzzle to explain?

    <p>The concept of discoverability in scientific research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of theory testing and revision in the scientific process?

    <p>To ensure that theories stay relevant and accurate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two crucial aspects of scientific research?

    <p>The context of discovery and the context of justification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the assumption of reality in nature mean?

    <p>The belief that there is an objective reality that exists independent of our perceptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of using ambiguous or confusing language to make a claim sound scientific?

    <p>A commercial claiming that their product is backed by 'scientific research'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you consider when evaluating the scientific validity of a claim?

    <p>The sources of information and their credibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who might benefit from a claim being perceived as scientifically valid?

    <p>The company selling a product related to the claim</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is confirmation bias?

    <p>The tendency to seek out information that confirms one's existing beliefs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential downside of using scientific-sounding language to back up a claim?

    <p>Misleading the audience by creating a false sense of scientific support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following traits is considered crucial for a researcher as it drives the pursuit of knowledge and the uncovering of regularities in nature?

    <p>Curiosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of research, particularly quantitative research, in terms of objectivity?

    <p>To be objective and unbiased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following traits is important for researchers to recognize and acknowledge their own biases?

    <p>Awareness of Personal Biases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ability that researchers must have to ensure the validity and reliability of their research?

    <p>Ability to Control Variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which trait is essential for a researcher to critically evaluate their own work and reflect upon it?

    <p>Critical and Reflective Thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential challenge that researchers may face in terms of biases?

    <p>Confirmation bias</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trait that researchers must have to be open to change given the evolving methods and technologies?

    <p>Openness to Change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trait that researchers must have to ensure that their personal wishes and attitudes do not influence their observations or conclusions?

    <p>Objectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trait that researchers must have to be able to eliminate the influence of extraneous variables or to produce a desired outcome?

    <p>Ability to Control Variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the trait that researchers must have to be able to identify potential mistakes, biases, and areas of improvement in their work?

    <p>Critical and Reflective Thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of descriptive research?

    <p>To provide a comprehensive and accurate account of a phenomenon or situation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the ability to differentiate between scientific research and pseudoscience?

    <p>Understanding of pseudoscience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of researchers' personal attributes in conducting research?

    <p>To ensure objectivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does control in research refer to?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential harm of pseudoscience?

    <p>Preventing individuals from accessing appropriate interventions and treatments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are many people susceptible to pseudoscientific claims?

    <p>They rely on heuristic decision-making processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the strategy used in pseudoscience to prevent self-correction?

    <p>Absence of self-correction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the characteristics of pseudoscientific claims?

    <p>Use of ambiguous or confusing language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are learning objectives?

    <p>The intended outcomes that a learner should achieve after studying a topic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the second objective of research?

    <p>Explanation</p> Signup and view all the answers

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