102 Questions
Which Latin word is the ancestor of the English word 'science'?
scīre
What does it mean to understand research?
To question validity
What is one form of misinformation in science news?
Subtle misinformation
What can a journalist do to misrepresent scientific findings?
Cite the findings of one study
What should a thinking person do when reading science news online?
Question the validity of what they read
What skills will this unit provide?
Skills to ask the right questions
Living in a world of social media and newsfeeds requires a person to...
Question the validity of what they read
Which type of reasoning involves going from the specific to the general?
Induction
Which type of reasoning involves going from the general to the specific?
Deduction
Which approach to hypothesis testing involves attempting to disprove hypotheses?
Falsificationism
Which approach to hypothesis testing involves verifying statements through individual experiments?
Logical positivism
Which position holds that we should seek empirical adequacy rather than categorical truth?
Naturalism
Which method of acquiring knowledge involves thinking or feeling without reasoning or evidence?
Intuition
Which method of acquiring knowledge involves using highly respected sources?
Authority
Which method of acquiring knowledge involves using logic and reasoning?
Rationalism
Which type of reasoning involves going from the specific to the general?
Induction
What is the approach preferred by Karl Popper for hypothesis testing?
Falsificationism
What does naturalism suggest in the context of science?
Seek empirical adequacy
Which approach to hypothesis testing focuses on empirical adequacy rather than absolute proof or disproof of hypotheses?
Naturalism
Which type of reasoning involves going from specific observations to form hypotheses or theories?
Inductive Reasoning
Which approach to hypothesis testing emphasizes attempting to disprove or falsify hypotheses?
Falsificationism
Which type of reasoning involves deriving specific conclusions or predictions from general principles or theories?
Deductive Reasoning
Which of the following is a key characteristic of scientific research?
Empiricism
What is the logic of discovery in scientific research?
Generating new ideas or hypotheses
What is the main objective of scientific research?
Generating new knowledge
What is the scientist-practitioner model in psychology?
A model that integrates scientific research and practical application
What does evidence-based practice refer to?
Using interventions or treatments validated through rigorous research
What is the difference between the logic of discovery and the logic of justification?
The logic of discovery involves generating new ideas, while the logic of justification involves testing hypotheses
What is pseudoscience?
A scientific research that lacks empirical evidence
What is theory-informed practice?
Using theoretical knowledge to guide practice
What are the assumptions in scientific research?
Knowledge is always developing and open to questioning and revision
What are the characteristics of scientific research?
Objectivity, reproducibility, predictability, and controllability
Which factor is a significant predictor of psychotherapy outcomes?
Quality of the therapeutic relationship
What is the role of heuristics in judgement?
Heuristics lead to biases in judgement
What is the bystander effect?
The phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when others are present
What is the impact of past experiences, motivations, and expectations on knowledge acquisition?
They influence the interpretation of sensory signals and the knowledge acquired from experiences
Why is empirical research important in psychology?
Empirical research validates practices and theories
What is the potential limitation of relying solely on rationalism in knowledge acquisition?
Different people can reach different conclusions from the same premises
What is the subjective nature of experience?
Experiences are influenced by past experiences, motivations, and expectations
What does the document highlight about memory?
Memories can be fallible and inaccurate
What factors impact psychotherapy outcomes?
Personal characteristics of the client and psychologist
What is the potential risk of misinformation in society?
The shift from expert information to popular information
What is one of the main assumptions underlying scientific research?
Uniformity in nature
What does the assumption of reality in nature mean?
Events or objects we perceive with our senses are completely real
What does the assumption of discoverability mean?
We can discover the regularities that exist in nature
What is the relationship between uniformity and causal relationships?
Uniformity is necessary for scientists to search for causal relationships
What is the relationship between reality in nature and empirical research?
Empirical research requires the assumption of reality in nature
What is the role of discoverability in scientific research?
Discoverability allows scientists to observe real events and objects in nature
What are the three main assumptions underlying scientific research?
Uniformity, reality, and discoverability in nature
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of modern scientific research?
Meta-analysis
What is the purpose of replication in scientific research?
To ensure the results of one study are trustworthy
What is the role of theory in scientific research?
All of the above
What is the definition of a theory in science?
An explanation reached through examination and analysis of facts
What is the deductive part of science?
The logic or context of justification
What does it mean if a study is not replicable?
All of the above
What does operationalism mean in scientific research?
Using specific and consistent definitions for variables
What should be present in scientific research to ensure reliability and trustworthiness?
All of the above
Which principle in research refers to the ability to repeat a study using the same methods under the same conditions and get similar results?
Replication
What is the belief that patterns exist in the natural world, which allows researchers to predict and understand behavior?
Assumption of Uniformity
What is the concept that every event, including human cognition and behavior, is causally determined by an unbroken chain of prior occurrences?
Determinism
Which assumption in scientific research refers to the idea that concepts in scientific theories must be definable by measurable operations?
Operationalism
What is the process in scientific research that involves gathering all pieces of information and then integrating them in a way that makes sense?
Discoverability
What is the belief that our senses provide us with direct awareness of the external world?
Reality in Nature
Which assumption in scientific research refers to the fact that all extraneous variables are kept constant so that the effect of the independent variable on the dependent one can be viewed more clearly?
Control in Research
What are not guaranteed causes, but ones that increase the likelihood of a particular outcome?
Probabilistic Causes
What is the assumption that the regularities or patterns that exist in nature can be discovered through scientific research?
Discoverability
What is the belief that our senses provide us with direct awareness of the external world?
Reality in Nature
Which of the following best describes meta-analysis?
A statistical procedure for combining data from multiple studies to generate more accurate results
What is the deductive part of the scientific process?
Using theories to direct future research
What is the relationship between theory and research?
Theories explain why something happens, while research tests these explanations
What is publication bias?
Positive results are more likely to be published than negative or null results
What is the placebo effect?
The psychological benefit from a treatment that is not the active ingredient
What does the text highlight about stress measurement?
All of the above
What does the text use the analogy of a jigsaw puzzle to explain?
The concept of discoverability in scientific research
What is the role of theory testing and revision in the scientific process?
To ensure that theories stay relevant and accurate
What are the two crucial aspects of scientific research?
The context of discovery and the context of justification
What does the assumption of reality in nature mean?
The belief that there is an objective reality that exists independent of our perceptions
Which of the following is an example of using ambiguous or confusing language to make a claim sound scientific?
A commercial claiming that their product is backed by 'scientific research'
What should you consider when evaluating the scientific validity of a claim?
The sources of information and their credibility
Who might benefit from a claim being perceived as scientifically valid?
The company selling a product related to the claim
What is confirmation bias?
The tendency to seek out information that confirms one's existing beliefs
What is one potential downside of using scientific-sounding language to back up a claim?
Misleading the audience by creating a false sense of scientific support
Which of the following traits is considered crucial for a researcher as it drives the pursuit of knowledge and the uncovering of regularities in nature?
Curiosity
What is the goal of research, particularly quantitative research, in terms of objectivity?
To be objective and unbiased
Which of the following traits is important for researchers to recognize and acknowledge their own biases?
Awareness of Personal Biases
What is the ability that researchers must have to ensure the validity and reliability of their research?
Ability to Control Variables
Which trait is essential for a researcher to critically evaluate their own work and reflect upon it?
Critical and Reflective Thinking
What is the potential challenge that researchers may face in terms of biases?
Confirmation bias
What is the trait that researchers must have to be open to change given the evolving methods and technologies?
Openness to Change
What is the trait that researchers must have to ensure that their personal wishes and attitudes do not influence their observations or conclusions?
Objectivity
What is the trait that researchers must have to be able to eliminate the influence of extraneous variables or to produce a desired outcome?
Ability to Control Variables
What is the trait that researchers must have to be able to identify potential mistakes, biases, and areas of improvement in their work?
Critical and Reflective Thinking
What is the primary goal of descriptive research?
To provide a comprehensive and accurate account of a phenomenon or situation
What is the term for the ability to differentiate between scientific research and pseudoscience?
Understanding of pseudoscience
What is the role of researchers' personal attributes in conducting research?
To ensure objectivity
What does control in research refer to?
All of the above
What is the potential harm of pseudoscience?
Preventing individuals from accessing appropriate interventions and treatments
Why are many people susceptible to pseudoscientific claims?
They rely on heuristic decision-making processes
What is the strategy used in pseudoscience to prevent self-correction?
Absence of self-correction
What is one of the characteristics of pseudoscientific claims?
Use of ambiguous or confusing language
What are learning objectives?
The intended outcomes that a learner should achieve after studying a topic
What is the second objective of research?
Explanation
Test your knowledge about science and research with this quiz! Discover how much you know about the quest for knowledge and understanding. Explore various topics and stay updated with the latest science news. Challenge yourself and expand your understanding of the world around us!
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