Science and Pseudoscience Overview

<p>It releases nitrogen gas (N2) back into the atmosphere. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in the carbon cycle are a root cause of climate change. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It starts to accumulate due to the slow or absent decay process. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human activities, particularly the oxidation of carbon atoms locked in sinks. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenological mismatch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced population size of Daphnia due to a decrease in food availability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Daphnia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An extremely warm patch of water in the Pacific Ocean. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel combustion. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Understanding how energy and matter flow through organisms and the environment. (A), Examining how changes in abiotic conditions affect the species present in a community. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased competition for resources and the spread of diseases. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Changes in the availability of food sources for different species. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Population growth is continuous and exponential. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exponential growth involves continuous reproduction, while geometric growth occurs at discrete time intervals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Analyzing population size, growth, and decline over time. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A population is a group of individuals of the same species, while a species is a group of populations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>How has the community evolved in response to environmental change? (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>r is a continuous measure, while λ is a discrete measure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The constant rate of increase. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It represents the maximum population size that can be sustained over time, given available resources. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the finite rate of increase (λ) is less than 1. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Climate change. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher temperatures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can complete their life cycle in a single summer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive feedback (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenology (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>10% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It serves as a repository for reduced carbon atoms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phenological mismatch (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Photosynthesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrogen fixation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dead organic matter (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lithosphere (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Number of species present weighted by abundance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nitrate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Soil (C), Atmosphere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A growth pattern where the growth rate remains constant over time.

Population growth limited by factors related to population density.

The maximum population size that a habitat can sustainably support.

A parameter indicating growth or decline: 𝜆 > 1 means growth, < 1 means decline.

Discrete population growth based on a finite rate of increase (𝜆).

Exponential is continuous growth; geometric is in defined steps.

The study of interactions among species in a community.

Benefits humans derive from natural environments, like oxygen and clean water.

A single organism in an ecosystem.

A group of individuals of the same species in the same area.

An evolutionary unit consisting of populations that share traits.

Groups of different species in the same area at the same time.

Interactions of biotic and abiotic factors in an area.

Number of individuals per unit area in a population.

Growth rate over a specific time, usually per year.

The process through which carbon moves between the atmosphere, land, and oceans, impacting climate change.

The process of converting nitrogen gas (N2) into ammonia (NH3) for organisms to use.

Molecular nitrogen, which makes up 78% of the atmosphere but is unusable by most organisms.

The process of converting nitrogen compounds back into nitrogen gas (N2), releasing it into the atmosphere.

Reduction involves a gain of electrons, important in nitrogen fixation and cellular respiration.

The process by which water seeps into soil through pores and fractures.

Processes include photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and sedimentation of organic carbon.

Decomposition of organic nitrogen compounds into ammonia/ammonium ions.

A count of the number of different species present in an area.

A measure of species richness weighted by their abundance in ecosystems.

Decay slows or stops in oxygen-poor environments, leading to accumulation of biomass.

Decay is slow or nonexistent in cold areas due to enzyme inactivity for respiration.

A process that decreases greenhouse gas concentrations, lessening climate change effects.

A process that increases greenhouse gas concentrations, intensifying climate change impacts.

Humans increase atmospheric CO2 by burning carbon sinks, impacting climate rapidly.

Discrepancy in seasonal timing between interacting species affecting their relationship.

Diatoms reproduce earlier than Daphnia, leading to food scarcity for Daphnia.

As a primary food source, Daphnia's decline affects the populations of fish species.

Increased population explosions of bark beetles due to climate change.

The study of the timing of life events in organisms.

Processes that reduce greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere.

Processes that increase greenhouse gases, worsening climate change.

The fraction of energy transferred between trophic levels, often around 10%.

The continuous movement of water through evaporation, transpiration, precipitation, and runoff.

The release of water vapor from plants through their stomata.