Science 7 - Second Quarter Test
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Questions and Answers

Which combination of cells includes only plant cells?

  • Cell C and D (correct)
  • Cell D only
  • Cell A and C
  • Cell A only

Which structures are found in both plant and animal cells?

  • Centriole, chloroplast, mitochondria
  • Cell wall, mitochondria, ribosome
  • Mitochondria, nucleus, ribosome (correct)
  • Cell wall, centriole, chloroplast

Which statement about cells X, Y, and Z is correct?

  • Cell Y and Z are animal cells.
  • Cell X is a plant cell.
  • Cells X, Y, and Z are animal cells.
  • Cell Z is a plant cell. (correct)

Which type of cell division is mainly responsible for growth in multicellular organisms?

<p>Mitosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell division leads to a reduction in chromosome number?

<p>Meiosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells likely contain chloroplasts?

<p>Plant cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structure is common to both plant and animal cells?

<p>Nucleus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of organisms is meiosis primarily used?

<p>Reproductive cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where should a microscope be placed for storage to keep it in good condition?

<p>in a dry, dust-free cabinet or case (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a proper method for handling microscopes?

<p>Carry the microscope with one hand. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the microscope do you look through to observe the specimen?

<p>the eyepiece lens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If Maria needs to raise the body of the microscope to focus on her specimen using the low power objective, which part should she manipulate?

<p>the coarse adjustment knob (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parts should Pedro hold when transferring the compound microscope properly?

<p>the base and the arm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does a student cover the onion specimen with a cover slip?

<p>to protect the cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using lens paper when cleaning the microscope's objectives?

<p>to prevent scratching the lenses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the correct way to start focusing on a specimen under low power?

<p>using the coarse adjustment knob first (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cell division results in daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell?

<p>Mitosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is mitosis crucial for the growth and repair of tissues in multicellular organisms?

<p>It creates identical cells that replace old or damaged cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of skin repair after an injury, why is mitosis significant?

<p>Mitosis produces new cells identical to the damaged ones to replace them. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a potato (Solanum tuberosum) has a chromosome number of 24, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?

<p>24 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which stage of meiosis does crossing over occur?

<p>Stage C (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What event occurs during stage G of meiosis?

<p>Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about stage H of meiosis is INCORRECT?

<p>Diploid cells are produced. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of meiosis in multicellular organisms?

<p>To generate genetic diversity through gametes. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process results in the production of four daughter cells?

<p>Meiosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of gametes in sexual reproduction?

<p>To form zygotes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does fertilization conserve the chromosome number in offspring?

<p>By combining two cells with half the chromosome number from each parent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes a zygote?

<p>A cell formed by the fusion of two gametes, restoring the chromosome number (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary for gametes to consist of half the chromosome number?

<p>To ensure offspring receive an appropriate chromosome count upon fertilization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do offspring secure genetic material from both parents?

<p>By receiving half of their chromosomes from each parent through gametes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is true for asexual reproduction?

<p>Involves a single parent creating genetic clones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an organism reproduces by splitting into two identical copies, what type of reproduction is occurring?

<p>Asexual reproduction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about offspring produced through sexual reproduction?

<p>It will exhibit unique traits due to genetic variation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method should be used to propagate a strawberry plant while keeping its genetic traits identical?

<p>Take a cutting from a healthy runner of the original plant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately differentiates asexual and sexual reproduction?

<p>Asexual reproduction produces new individuals from a single parent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs reproduce sexually?

<p>Humans and flowering plants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes offspring from asexual reproduction compared to sexual reproduction?

<p>Offspring are clones of the parent organism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do flowering plants typically reproduce?

<p>By pollination, involving sex cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What inference can be made about animals that reproduce sexually?

<p>Offspring will have a genetic combination from both parents. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of asexual reproduction?

<p>It involves the fusion of gametes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be inferred from the information in the table?

<p>Only organism N reproduces through sexual reproduction. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If multiple kinds of fish live together in a lake, which level of biological organization does this represent?

<p>Community (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a cell is damaged, which higher levels of biological organization could potentially be affected?

<p>Tissues, organs, and organ systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the human body, muscles are made up of cells working together. This arrangement is an example of which level in biological organization?

<p>Tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a forest, many kinds of plants and animals interact with the nonliving components like sunlight, water, soil, and air. Which of the following BEST represents this level?

<p>Ecosystem (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

As energy flows up the food pyramid, what happens to the amount of available energy at each trophic level?

<p>It decreases. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a food pyramid, why are there generally fewer organisms at higher trophic levels than at lower ones?

<p>The energy available decreases at each level, supporting fewer organisms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of biological organization represents groups of the same species living in a specific area?

<p>Population (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Microscope Storage Location

Microscopes should be stored in a dry, dust-free cabinet or case to prevent damage.

Microscope Handling: One-handed Carry

Incorrect: Carrying a microscope with only one hand is not the recommended procedure.

Microscope Lens Observation

The lens at the top of the microscope through which you look to view a magnified specimen.

Microscope Body Height Adjustment

The part of the microscope used to adjust the body height of the microscope while viewing a specimen under low power objective.

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Proper Microscope Carrying

The base and arm of the microscope should be held when carrying it to avoid drops and damage.

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Slide Cover Purpose

Cover slips are placed over specimens on microscope slides to keep the specimen in place and to prevent damage.

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Microscope Objective Cleaning

Specific lens paper should be used to clean microscope objectives (lenses) to avoid additional scratches or damage.

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High Power Focus

Use the fine adjustment knob when using high-power objectives to get a clear, focused image.

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Plant Cell Structure

Plant cells have a rigid cell wall, a large central vacuole, and chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

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Shared Cell Parts (Plant & Animal)

Both plant and animal cells have a nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and mitochondria.

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Cell X, Y, and Z

Cell X, Y, and Z share a nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm but only X and Y have cell walls, suggesting cell X, and cell Y are plant cells, while cell Z is likely an animal cell because it lacks a cell wall.

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Mitosis Function

Mitosis is cell division for growth and repair in multicellular organisms.

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Meiosis Definition

Meiosis is cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half, essential for sexual reproduction.

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Plant Cell vs. Animal Cell

Plant cells have a cell wall, chloroplasts while animal cells do not. They share other structures like a nucleus and cell membrane.

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Cell Organelles

Plant and animal cells have specific structures (organelles) within their cytoplasm with specialized functions, including respiration (mitochondria), protein synthesis(ribosomes), energy storage (vacuoles).

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Cell division for growth

Mitosis is the type of cell division that is primarily responsible for growth and repair in multicellular organisms.

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Mitosis vs. Binary Fission

Mitosis is cell division in eukaryotic cells, resulting in identical daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Binary fission is cell division in prokaryotic cells, also producing two identical daughter cells.

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Mitosis and Growth/Repair

Mitosis produces identical copies of cells. These new cells replace damaged or old cells during tissue growth and repair.

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Mitosis - Chromosome Number

After mitosis in a cell, each daughter cell contains the same number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. This is essential for identical cell replacement.

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Crossing over - Meiosis

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I. This leads to genetic variations in offspring.

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Meiosis - Chromosome Reduction

Meiosis results in daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes compared to the parent cell, critical for sexual reproduction.

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Chromosome number in Mitosis

The daughter cells produced by mitosis have the exact same chromosome number as the parent cell

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Significance of Crossing Over

Crossing over during meiosis increases genetic variation, making offspring different from both parents.

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Mitosis in skin repair

The identical cells produced by mitosis replace damaged skin cells.

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Gamete Formation

The process of producing specialized reproductive cells called gametes, which contain half the number of chromosomes found in the parent cells. This occurs through meiosis.

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Fertilization

The fusion of two gametes (sperm and egg) to form a zygote, restoring the full chromosome number, combining genetic material from both parents.

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Zygote

The first cell of a new organism, formed by the union of a sperm and an egg. It contains the complete set of chromosomes from both parents.

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Why Half the Chromosomes in Gametes?

To ensure that when fertilization occurs, the offspring inherits the correct number of chromosomes, restoring the full set from both parents. This prevents an overabundance or a deficiency of chromosomes, which could lead to genetic abnormalities.

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Offspring's Genetic Information

Offspring inherit half of their genetic material from their mother and half from their father through the process of gamete formation and fertilization. This ensures genetic diversity and a combination of traits from both parents.

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Asexual Reproduction

A type of reproduction involving only one parent, resulting in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. Examples include budding and binary fission.

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Genetic Diversity

The variation in genes within a population, which is caused by the mixing of genetic material through sexual reproduction. This allows offspring to adapt to changes in the environment.

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Offspring from Sexual Reproduction

The offspring produced through sexual reproduction inherit genetic material from both parents, resulting in a unique combination of traits.

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Asexual Reproduction: Identical Copies

Asexual reproduction creates offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. It doesn't involve the combination of genetic material from two individuals.

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How to Propagate Strawberry Plants Identically

Taking a runner (stem) from the original strawberry plant and planting it will produce offspring with identical genetic traits.

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Asexual Reproduction: No Sex Cells

Asexual reproduction forms new individuals without involving sex cells (like sperm and egg). It uses other methods like budding or spore formation.

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Sexual Reproduction: Fertilization

Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of sex cells (sperm and egg) in a process called fertilization, leading to offspring with a unique combination of traits from both parents.

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Types of Reproduction: Examples

Hydra reproduces asexually through budding, humans reproduce sexually through fertilization, mushrooms reproduce asexually through spore formation, and flowering plants reproduce sexually through pollination.

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Genetic Diversity: Sexual vs. Asexual Reproduction

Sexual reproduction leads to more genetic diversity in offspring than asexual reproduction. This is because the offspring inherit a mix of genes from both parents.

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Offspring from Sexual Reproduction: Unique Traits

When an animal reproduces sexually, its offspring will inherit a unique combination of traits from both parents, resulting in a distinct individual.

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Community

A group of different species living together in a particular area and interacting with each other.

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Ecosystem

A community of organisms interacting with each other and with their physical environment (abiotic factors like air, water, and soil).

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Tissue

A group of similar cells working together to perform a specific function in an organism.

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Organ

A structure composed of different tissues working together to perform a specific function.

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Organ System

A group of organs working together to perform a complex function in an organism.

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Energy Flow in Food Pyramid

As energy flows from one trophic level to the next in a food pyramid, a large proportion of the energy is lost as heat, resulting in progressively less energy available at higher levels.

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Study Notes

Science 7 - Second Quarter Test

  • General Instructions: Answer questions by writing the capital letter of the correct answer in the space before each item.

  • Question 1: Where should a microscope be stored for optimal condition?

    • A dry, dust-free cabinet or case.

  • Question 2: Which microscope handling method is NOT proper?

    • Carry the microscope with one hand.

  • Question 3: Which microscope part do you look through to view specimens?

    • The ocular lens (item 1)

  • Question 4: What part of the microscope should Maria adjust to raise the microscope body for low-power viewing?

    • Item 7 (coarse adjustment knob)

  • Question 5: Which parts of the microscope should Pedro hold when transferring it to another room?(reference diagram)

    • Items 2 and 4 (base and arm)

  • Question 6: Why is a cover slip placed over a specimen on a slide?

    • To keep the cells flat and provide a better view.

  • Question 7: What technique is best for focusing on a cell structure?

    • Starting with the low power, then switching to high power objective

  • Question 8: Based on the image, identify the observed cell part.

    • Centriole

  • Question 9: What additional structure would Dahlia likely see in the onion cell?

    • Cytoplasm

  • Question 10: Identify the correct labels for parts X and Y of the plant cell.

    • X (nucleus), Y (cell wall)

  • Question 11: Characteristic of multicellular organisms

    • Made up of many specialized cells

  • Question 12: Why are multicellular organisms more complex?

    • Specialized cells working together

  • Question 13: Which chart correctly differentiates unicellular and multicellular organisms?

    • The chart showing that multicellular organisms have many cells and can reproduce asexually or sexually.

  • Question 14: Which parts are present in plant cells but not animal cells?

    • Cell wall and chloroplasts

  • Question 15: Which option represents a plant cell (refer to the table)

    • Cell C and D (as per the information provided in the table)

  • Question 16: Structures present in both plant and animal cells?

    • Mitochondria, nucleus, and ribosomes

  • Question 17: Which statement is correct regarding the information about the three cells (X, Y, and Z)?

    • Cell Z is a plant cell (based on the provided table)

  • Question 18: Primary cell division for growth and repair in multicellular organisms?

    • Mitosis

  • Question 19: Cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half?

    • Meiosis

  • Question 20: Cell division resulting in genetically identical daughter cells?

    • Mitosis

  • Question 21: Importance of mitosis for skin repair?

    • Produces cells identical to the damaged ones

  • Question 22: Importance of mitosis after injury? - Creates identical cells to replace damaged ones.

  • Question 23: If a potato (chromosome number 24) undergoes mitosis, how many chromosomes are in each daughter cell?

    • 24

  • Question 24: Stage of meiosis where crossing over occurs

    • Stage C (referring to depicted diagram)

  • Question 25: Event occurring during stage G (refer to diagram)

    • Homologous chromosomes separate and migrate to opposite poles.

  • Question 26: Which statement is incorrect about stage H (refer to diagram)

    • Diploid cells are produced.

  • Question 27: Combining of genetic material in sexual reproduction

    • Fertilization

  • Question 28: Main function of gametes in sexual reproduction

    • To form zygotes

  • Question 29: How does fertilization restore the chromosome number?

    • By combining two cells with half the chromosome number (from each parent)

  • Question 30: Definition of a zygote

    • A cell formed by the fusion of gametes.

  • Question 31: Importance of gametes having half the chromosome number?

    • To allow fertilization to restore the full chromosome number.

  • Question 32: How do offspring receive genetic information from parents?

    • They receive half of their chromosomes from each parent.

  • Question 33: Which is true of asexual reproduction?

    • Involves only one parent.

  • Question 34: Characteristics of offspring from asexual reproduction

    • Genetically identical to the parent

  • Question 35: Features of sexually reproducing animals' offspring

    • Genetically unique combinations of traits

  • Question 36: Method for maintaining identical genetic traits of a strawberry plant

    • Taking a runner (stem cutting) of the parent plant

  • Question 37: Which statement is correct regarding asexual and sexual reproduction?

    • Asexual reproduction doesn't use sex cells.

  • Question 38: Which organisms reproduces asexually?

    • Hydra (budding) and mushrooms (spores)

  • Question 39: Which type of reproduction do organisms M, N, and O exhibit from the table?

    • Organism M is asexual, N is asexual, and O is sexual.

  • Question 40: Biological organization level exemplified by a group of fish living together in a lake

    • Community

  • Question 41: If a cell is damaged, which biological organizational levels can be impacted?

    • Tissues, organs, and organ systems

  • Question 42: Example of a tissue-level organism organization

    • Muscles made up of cells.

  • Question 43: Representing plants and animals interacting with nonliving components.

    • Ecosystem

  • Question 44: Effect of energy flow in the food pyramid.

    • Energy decreases at each level or reduces

  • Question 45: Reasoning for fewer organisms at higher trophic levels?

    • Decreasing energy available at each level.

  • Question 46: Why are grass and shrubs considered producers?

    • They convert sunlight energy into chemical energy (glucose)

  • Question 47: Organism containing highest energy of the given food web/pyramid.

    • Grass

  • Question 48: Trophic level of a snake

    • Secondary consumer

  • Question 49: Energy flow from snake to eagle in the food pyramid

    • The eagle receives a fraction of the energy, not 100%

  • Question 50: Percentage of energy transferred in a food web from prey to predator

    • 10%

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