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Questions and Answers
What is primarily preserved in a case of weakness in hip extension?
What is primarily preserved in a case of weakness in hip extension?
- Gracilis functioning
- Iliopsoas functioning
- Gluteus maximus functioning (correct)
- Sartorius functioning
Which muscles retain their function in cases of weakness in knee flexion?
Which muscles retain their function in cases of weakness in knee flexion?
- Biceps femoris and Semitendinosus
- Sartorius and Gracilis (correct)
- Adductor longus and Adductor magnus
- Rectus femoris and Vastus lateralis
Which movements are lost due to weakness in the lower limb?
Which movements are lost due to weakness in the lower limb?
- Thigh flexion and external rotation
- Dorsiflexion, plantarflexion, inversion, and eversion (correct)
- Leg extension and knee stability
- Hip abduction and adduction
Which nerve's injury leads to loss of specific lower limb movements?
Which nerve's injury leads to loss of specific lower limb movements?
What type of weakness is present in the extension of the hip?
What type of weakness is present in the extension of the hip?
Which ligament is located posteriorly in the boundaries of the greater sciatic foramen?
Which ligament is located posteriorly in the boundaries of the greater sciatic foramen?
Which structure passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
Which structure passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
What is the relationship between the muscles of the gluteal region and the sciatic foramina?
What is the relationship between the muscles of the gluteal region and the sciatic foramina?
What defines the boundaries of the lesser sciatic foramen superiorly?
What defines the boundaries of the lesser sciatic foramen superiorly?
Which of the following structures is NOT involved in the boundaries of the greater sciatic foramen?
Which of the following structures is NOT involved in the boundaries of the greater sciatic foramen?
What is the antero-superior boundary of the greater sciatic foramen?
What is the antero-superior boundary of the greater sciatic foramen?
Which of the following statements about the structures passing through the sciatic foramina is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about the structures passing through the sciatic foramina is incorrect?
Which ligament primarily helps to form the sciatic foramina?
Which ligament primarily helps to form the sciatic foramina?
Which structure is located inferiorly to the piriformis muscle?
Which structure is located inferiorly to the piriformis muscle?
What is the role of the sacrotuberous ligament in relation to the sciatic notches?
What is the role of the sacrotuberous ligament in relation to the sciatic notches?
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the inferior gemellus muscle?
Which nerve is responsible for innervating the inferior gemellus muscle?
In which condition might an ice skater experience sciatic nerve injury due to spasm in the piriformis muscle?
In which condition might an ice skater experience sciatic nerve injury due to spasm in the piriformis muscle?
Which of these arteries is NOT located in the greater sciatic foramen?
Which of these arteries is NOT located in the greater sciatic foramen?
Which nerve is primarily affected by a stab wound in the gluteal region?
Which nerve is primarily affected by a stab wound in the gluteal region?
What is the effect of an injury to the sciatic nerve on the lower limb muscles?
What is the effect of an injury to the sciatic nerve on the lower limb muscles?
Which muscle is NOT directly associated with the content of the greater sciatic foramen?
Which muscle is NOT directly associated with the content of the greater sciatic foramen?
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Study Notes
Sciatic Foramina
- The Sciatic Foramina are openings in the pelvis that allow structures to pass between the pelvic cavity and the lower limb.
- There are two sciatic foramina:
- Greater sciatic foramen: Larger opening located superior to the lesser sciatic foramen.
- Lesser sciatic foramen: Smaller opening located inferior to the greater sciatic foramen.
Boundaries of Sciatic Foramina
- Greater Sciatic Foramen:
- Antero-Superior: Greater sciatic notch
- Posteriorly: Sacrotuberous ligament
- Inferiorly: Sacrospinous ligament
- Lesser Sciatic Foramen:
- Superiorly: Sacrospinous ligament
- Anteriorly: Lesser sciatic notch
- Posteriorly: Sacrotuberous ligament
Relation Between Muscles and Sciatic Foramina
- Piriformis muscle: Plays a crucial role in the development of the sciatic foramen.
- Obturator Internus: Located on the medial aspect of the pelvis and contributes to the formation of the lesser sciatic foramen.
Contents of Sciatic Foramina
- Greater Sciatic Foramen:
- Superior to Piriformis:
- Superior gluteal nerve
- Superior gluteal artery
- Inferior to Piriformis:
- Inferior gluteal nerve
- Inferior gluteal artery
- Sciatic nerve
- Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
- Nerve to obturator internus
- Nerve to quadratus femoris
- Superior to Piriformis:
- Lesser Sciatic Foramen:
- Superior gemellus
- Obturator internus tendon
- Inferior gemellus
- Pudendal nerve
- Internal pudendal artery
Clinical Correlation
- Piriformis Syndrome:
- Occurs when the piriformis muscle spasms, causing pain and numbness in the buttock and leg.
- Common in athletes like ice skaters, cyclists, and rock climbers.
- Sciatic Nerve Injury:
- Most commonly caused by trauma to the gluteal region or posterior compartment of the thigh.
- Can lead to weakness in the hamstring muscles, leg muscles, and foot muscles.
- May also result in loss of sensation in the leg and foot.
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