Podcast
Questions and Answers
What proportion of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia are believed to have a co-occurring mental health disorder?
What proportion of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia are believed to have a co-occurring mental health disorder?
Which of the following is a risk factor that does NOT relate to genetic predisposition in schizophrenia?
Which of the following is a risk factor that does NOT relate to genetic predisposition in schizophrenia?
What is an example of a negative symptom associated with schizophrenia?
What is an example of a negative symptom associated with schizophrenia?
During which phase of the therapeutic relationship might a nurse encounter a client who does not recognize their need for assistance?
During which phase of the therapeutic relationship might a nurse encounter a client who does not recognize their need for assistance?
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Which intervention focuses specifically on exploring triggers and recognizing difficulties?
Which intervention focuses specifically on exploring triggers and recognizing difficulties?
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What type of therapy employs cognitive behavioral approaches for individuals with schizophrenia?
What type of therapy employs cognitive behavioral approaches for individuals with schizophrenia?
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Which of the following best describes 'anosognosia' in relation to schizophrenia?
Which of the following best describes 'anosognosia' in relation to schizophrenia?
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Which term is associated with a lack of energy and is considered a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
Which term is associated with a lack of energy and is considered a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
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What is a common societal issue faced by individuals with schizophrenia?
What is a common societal issue faced by individuals with schizophrenia?
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Which intervention directly assesses a client's adherence to their medication regime?
Which intervention directly assesses a client's adherence to their medication regime?
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Which disorder is characterized by symptoms associated with depression along with psychosis?
Which disorder is characterized by symptoms associated with depression along with psychosis?
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What is a hallmark characteristic of psychotic-related disorders?
What is a hallmark characteristic of psychotic-related disorders?
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What is the most common treatment approach for managing symptoms of schizophrenia?
What is the most common treatment approach for managing symptoms of schizophrenia?
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Which age range is typically associated with the diagnosis of schizophrenia?
Which age range is typically associated with the diagnosis of schizophrenia?
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What is one of the main responsibilities of nurses caring for clients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders?
What is one of the main responsibilities of nurses caring for clients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders?
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What common misconception affects individuals with schizophrenia regarding healthcare access?
What common misconception affects individuals with schizophrenia regarding healthcare access?
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Which of the following is NOT a symptom associated with psychosis?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom associated with psychosis?
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Which group is statistically more likely to fall victim to crime or violence?
Which group is statistically more likely to fall victim to crime or violence?
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Study Notes
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder
- Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Psychosis
- Range of disorders with psychotic symptoms
- Schizophrenia: includes symptoms such as depression
- Schizoaffective disorder: more symptoms associated with depression
- Schizophreniform disorder: brief psychotic disorder
- Delusional disorder
- Shared psychotic disorder
- Substance-induced psychotic disorder
- Late-onset schizophrenia
- No cure, but treatment focuses on symptom management and maintaining/improving daily functioning
- Nursing Responsibilities
- Liaison for clients and other interprofessional teams and community organizations
- Initiate referrals to primary care or specialized mental health services
- Recognize psychosis as a hallmark symptom of a psychotic-related disorder, which is a disconnect from reality due to disturbances in a client's thoughts and perceptions. Includes hallucinations and delusions.
- Understand emotional changes, withdrawal, and lack of self-care as possible symptoms.
- Eliminate other potential medical causes of symptoms
- Diagnosis
- Gradual onset
- Family history
- Treatment (Tx)
- Antipsychotic medications (side effects can be problematic)
- Psychotherapy (cognitive behavioral therapy)
- Support and education for the client and family
- DSM-5-TR Criteria for Schizophrenia diagnosis, typically diagnosed between 16 and 30 years old.
- More common in males
- Stigma impacts access to care.
- Clients benefit from treatment and support
- 14 times more likely to be victims of crime/violence than the general population
- Often co-occurs with other mental health disorders (50%)
- Risk Factors and Etiology
- Genetics
Clinical Manifestations
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Positive symptoms (added symptoms) include hallucinations and delusions & disorganized speech
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Negative symptoms (symptoms that are diminished or lost) include Alogia (reduced speech), Anergia (lack of energy), Anhedonia (inability to experience pleasure).
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Cognitive symptoms: poor concentration, slowed thinking, and poor memory
Nurse's Role
- Create & maintain a safe therapeutic relationship
- Ensure a safe therapeutic environment
- Advocate and support early detection of psychosis
- Ensure thorough assessment (including mental status examination)
- Provide interventions to stabilize the client
- Support the client in recovery, self management, & engagement
Phases of a Therapeutic Relationship
- Orientation: client may not recognize the need for assistance and block alliance
- Identification: may have difficulty self reporting symptoms, may believe nothing is wrong with them, challenges with communication & daily functioning
- Explore and prioritize safety, interventions, medications and cognitive therapies
Interventions (recognize triggers, progression toward recovery, resolution, treatment)
- Assess if clients are taking prescribed meds and if they're being truthful
- Recognize medical and psychological symptoms including extrapyramidal symptoms(EPS), acute dystonia, akathisia, pseudoparkinsonism, and tardive dyskinesia,
- Establish a therapeutic milieu (environment that promotes healing).
- Social problems (jail/prison, stigma, isolation, loneliness, victimization, economic challenges, unemployment, homelessness, caregiver burden).
- Nonadherence to treatment, Tx inadequacies, Anosognosia (client believes nothing is wrong with them).
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Description
This quiz covers the various types of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and their symptoms, including psychosis and depression. It highlights the nursing responsibilities in managing these conditions and understanding the impact on clients' daily functioning. Gain insights into the treatment focus and interprofessional collaboration.
