Schizophrenia and Related Disorders

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Questions and Answers

What are the key features of Schizophrenia?

Marked symptoms of both schizophrenia and a major depressive or manic episode

Persistent delusions not bizarre, not due to schizophrenia; persecutory, jealous, grandiose, and somatic delusions common

Hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized speech caused by medical illness or brain damage

Various psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, restricted/inappropriate affect, catatonia (correct)

What is the difference between Positive and Negative Symptoms?

Positive symptoms are additions to a person's behavior, while negative symptoms are deficits or reductions in behavior.

The Downward Drift Theory suggests that schizophrenia causes people to fall into a lower socioeconomic status.

True

Which of the following is NOT considered a Positive Symptom of Schizophrenia?

Restricted Affect Signup and view all the answers

The ______ hypothesis proposes that schizophrenia is linked to an overactivity of dopamine neurons.

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a primary treatment for Schizophrenia?

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of hallucination experienced by people with Schizophrenia?

Auditory Hallucinations Signup and view all the answers

Schizophrenia is equally distributed between men and women.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between First Generation and Second Generation Antipsychotics?

First Generation Antipsychotics primarily target Dopamine, while Second Generation Antipsychotics have a broader range of neurotransmitter impacts. Signup and view all the answers

Studies have shown strong evidence supporting the "Refrigerator Mother" theory, blaming mothers for their children's diagnosis of schizophrenia.

False Signup and view all the answers

Homelessness is a significant social issue impacting individuals with schizophrenia.

True Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of symptoms to their corresponding category:

Delusions = Positive Symptoms Hallucinations = Positive Symptoms Avolition = Negative Symptoms Restricted Affect = Negative Symptoms Disorganized Speech = Positive Symptoms Social Withdrawal = Negative Symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is Catatonia?

Catatonia refers to a state of immobility or excessive and purposeless motor activity. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Schizophrenia is a psychosis, a state where the individual loses contact with reality.
Key features include: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and affect.
Symptoms persist for at least 6 months.
Lifetime prevalence is about 1%.
Schizophrenic disorders are equally likely to affect men and women, starting in the early 20s.
Brief Psychotic Disorder: Psychotic symptoms present for less than a month. Prevalence unknown.
Schizophreniform Disorder: Psychotic symptoms last between one and six months. Prevalence is unknown but less than schizophrenia
Schizoaffective Disorder: Psychotic symptoms co-occur with depressive or manic episodes. Duration unknown, prevalence is unknown but less than schizophrenia
Delusional Disorder: Delusions are present for at least one month and do not meet criteria for schizophrenia. Prevalence is about 0.1%.
Psychotic Disorder due to Another Medical Condition: Hallucinations or delusions caused by a medical illness. No minimum duration, prevalence is unknown
Substance/Medication-Induced Psychotic Disorder: Hallucinations or delusions directly caused by a substance. No minimum duration, prevalence is unknown.

Key Features and Symptoms

Positive Symptoms: Excesses or additions to normal behavior.
- Delusions (fixed, false beliefs)
- Hallucinations (false sensory experiences)
- Disorganized thinking and speech (incoherent)
- Inappropriate affect (mismatched emotions)
Negative Symptoms: Deficits in normal behavior.
- Alogia (poverty of speech)
- Restricted affect (reduced emotional expression)
- Avolition (decreased motivation)
- Flat affect (no emotional expression)
Psychomotor Symptoms: Disturbances in movement.

Prevalence and Demographics

Schizophrenia affects approximately 1 in 100 people.
Prevalence is similar across men and women.
Average age at onset is 23 for men and 28 for women.

Diagnostic Criteria

For one month, an individual presents with at least two of the positive or negative symptoms mentioned above (Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized motor behaviour, negative symptoms).

Course and Diagnosis

Schizophrenia typically begins in the late teens or early thirties.
Three phases: Prodromal (mild symptoms), Active (visible symptoms), Residual (return to prodromal-like levels).

Other Important Information

Downward Drift Theory: suggests that schizophrenia can worsen social and economic status.
Family dysfunction and high expressed emotion: correlates to relapse rates, often a family with high stress and tension.
Biological factors: genetic predisposition, biochemical abnormalities like dopamine imbalance, and possible viral exposure.
Treatment: Antipsychotic medications, psychotherapies (such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and family therapy).

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Description

Dive into the complexities of schizophrenia and related disorders. This quiz covers key features, prevalence rates, and nuances between various psychotic disorders. Test your knowledge on conditions like brief psychotic disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and more.