Scarlatti Sonata K119 Analysis

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Questions and Answers

What key is the theme in Scarlatti's Sonata K119 written?

A major (correct)

E major

G major

C major

What type of binary form does Scarlatti's Sonata K119 exemplify?

Rounded Binary

Simple Binary

Balanced Binary (correct)

Complex Binary

What distinguishes balanced binary form from other binary forms?

It includes an additional C section.

It is always in a minor key.

It has a contrasting B section only.

Both sections are of equal length and return to the original key. (correct)

Which technique is NOT typically associated with Scarlatti's musical style?

Counterpoint (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the abbreviation 'K' represent in the context of Scarlatti's works?

Kirkpatrick (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which composer is known for having one of the earliest known symphonies around 1740?

Giovanni Sammartini (D) Signup and view all the answers

How does the 19th-century sonata-allegro form differ from the 18th-century form?

Exposition is repeated but development becomes a distinct, larger section. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the symphony composed by Stametz in E-flat?

It features tremolo in strings to create agitation. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the nickname given to Haydn?

Papa Haydn (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which style is characterized by fun, easy listening and is mostly in major keys?

Galant Style (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many symphonies did Haydn compose during his lifetime?

106 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique aspect of the 'Sturm und Drang' symphonies?

They utilize minor keys for dramatic effect. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symphonies is famously known as the 'Surprise Symphony'?

Symphony No. 94 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Hoboken numbers' refer to in relation to Haydn?

A cataloging system of his works (C) Signup and view all the answers

During which period did Haydn compose the 'Paris Symphonies'?

1780s (C) Signup and view all the answers

What was a key characteristic of Haydn's 'Learned Style'?

Incorporation of contrapuntal elements. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What theme is reflected in Haydn's symphonies known as 'Les Matins, Les Middis, Les Soirs'?

Time of day (C) Signup and view all the answers

What significant change occurred in Haydn's contract with the Esterházy family?

He could sell his works in Paris. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Scarlatti Sonata K119 Analysis

Sonata in D major, theme in A major (dominant key)
Demonstrates rounded binary form
Pianist plays without repeating second half, maintaining balanced binary form

Binary Forms in Music

Simple Binary: Basic two-part structure
Rounded Binary: Returns main theme after contrasting section
Balanced Binary: Equal-length sections, returning to original key
Scarlatti Sonata K119 exemplifies balanced binary
Characteristics include hand crossings, repeated notes, dissonant chords (chacatura)

Domenico Scarlatti: Background and Style

Italian composer, active in Iberian Peninsula (Portugal, Spain)
Personal tutor to Princess Maria Barbara (later Queen of Spain)
Incorporated Iberian folk influences
Musical techniques: hand crossings, repeated notes, large leaps, chacatura (crushed chords)
Sonatas cataloged by Kirkpatrick number (K number)

Cataloging Systems: K Numbers

Used to identify specific works by composers
Scarlatti (Kirkpatrick), Mozart (Köchel), Haydn (Hoboken)

Early Symphony Developments

Sammartini Symphony: One of earliest known, binary form, 1740s, 10-16 strings & harpsichord, under 10 minutes
Stamitz Symphony in E-flat: Binary form, three movements, 12-15 minutes, 2 horns, 2 oboes, and strings
Uses tremolo and crescendos

Sonata-Allegro Form: 18th vs. 19th Century

18th Century (Rounded Binary): Two-part form (A and B sections), repeats in both exposition and development/recapitulation
19th Century (Three-Part Form): Exposition repeated, development larger section, recapitulation without repeat, more symmetrical structure

Haydn: Life and Contributions

Served Esterházy family for 30 years in castle with multiple concert halls
Works cataloged by Hoboken (36-volume collection)
Nicknamed "Papa Haydn," considered father of symphony and string quartet
Composed ~106 symphonies, 66 string quartets, numerous keyboard sonatas, and keyboard trios
Styles: Galant, Sensitive, Rhythmic Variety, Learned, Wit

Haydn's Symphonies: Eras and Characteristics

Six Eras:
- First five symphonies: Three movements.
- Les Matins, Middis, Soirs: Morning, midday, and evening symphonies
- Sturm und Drang: Minor keys, dramatic effect
- Galant Style: Major keys, popular sound (e.g., Symphony No. 56 in C major)
- Paris Symphonies: Composed after contract renegotiation, sold to Paris publishers
- London Symphonies: Composed on trips to London, Clock and Surprise symphonies are famous.
Initially prevented from profiting beyond employment, later circumstances allowed sales to outside parties
Later works included masses and oratorios

Upcoming Quizzes and Assignments

Friday Quiz: Keyboard and symphony topics (binary forms, sonata-allegro differences, Haydn's styles)
Wednesday: Introduction to Haydn with listening sessions
Essay Preparation: Describe the differences between 18th and 19th-century sonata-allegro forms, focusing on repetition and structural changes

Action Items

Listening: Scarlatti Sonata K119 (hand crossings, repeated notes, chacatura), three piano excerpts
Reading: Balanced binary form in Scarlatti's works, Hoboken numbers and key Haydn symphonies
Quiz Preparation: Review binary forms, sonata-allegro forms, Haydn's stylistic elements, 18th/19th-century sonata forms

Follow-up

Next Session: Haydn's music, structural and stylistic analysis of Haydn's symphonies
Future Quizzes: Two quizzes next Friday (Quiz 2 & 3), covering early classical topics
Additional Topics: Sonata Cycle, Mozart and Beethoven's contributions, Alberti Bass

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Description

Explore the analysis of Domenico Scarlatti's Sonata K119, focusing on its structure and characteristics of balanced binary form. Learn about Scarlatti's background and how his style reflects Iberian influences. This quiz will enhance your understanding of binary forms in music and cataloging systems.