Questions and Answers
Which surface of the scapula is concave and applied to the thorax?
Anterior surface
What process of the scapula projects horizontally posteriorly from the body of the bone?
Spinous process
Which muscle is attached to the crest of the spine of the scapula?
Trapezius
Where is the acromion located on the scapula?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the scapula has a notch at its junction, referred to as the suprascapular notch?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the name of the projection pointing anteriorly just above the glenoid cavity on the scapula?
Signup and view all the answers
Which bone is longer than and medial to the radius?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is the anatomical neck located in relation to the head?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle covers the greater tubercle of the humerus?
Signup and view all the answers
What kind of fracture may result from a fall on the outstretched hand?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does the olecranon process articulate proximally?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is the intertubercular groove located in relation to the humerus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nerve lies in contact with the surgical neck of the humerus?
Signup and view all the answers
What part of the radius articulates with the lunate and scaphoid?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the ulna is covered by a bursa and is subcutaneous?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is the deltoid muscle inserted on the humerus?
Signup and view all the answers
Which epicondyle of the humerus gives origin to the flexor muscles of the forearm?
Signup and view all the answers
What brings the styloid processes of the radius and ulna to approximately the same horizontal level in a Colles' fracture?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vertebra is most commonly affected by spondylosis and spondylolisthesis?
Signup and view all the answers
How many lumbar vertebrae do most individuals have?
Signup and view all the answers
Where will lumbar disorders affect in individuals with only four lumbar vertebrae?
Signup and view all the answers
Which book is NOT listed in the suggested readings related to anatomy and physiology?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of lumbar vertebrae mentioned in the text?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle is the main elbow flexor, playing secondary roles as a stabilizer at the shoulder and as a supinator?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does the Brachioradialis muscle originate from?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle acts as an elbow flexor but also supinates during extreme pronation and pronates during extreme supination?
Signup and view all the answers
Where is the main insertion point of the Triceps Brachii muscle?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the anconeus muscle in relation to elbow movement?
Signup and view all the answers
What is referred to as the carrying angle in relation to the arm's alignment?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Scapula
- The scapula has two surfaces:
- Anterior (costal) surface, which is concave and applied to the thorax
- Posterior (dorsal) surface, which is convex and divided by the spine into two parts:
- Supraspinous fossa (smaller superior part)
- Infraspinous fossa (larger inferior part)
Processes of Scapula
- The scapula has three processes:
- Spinous process (spine)
- Acromion process (acromion)
- Coracoid process
Borders of Scapula
- The scapula has three borders:
- Medial (vertebral) border
- Lateral (axillary) border
- Superior border, which has a suprascapular (or scapular) notch
Humerus
- The anatomical neck is at the periphery of the head and separates the head from the tubercles
- The greater tubercle projects laterally beyond the acromion and is covered by the deltoid muscle
- The lesser tubercle projects anteriorly and is for muscle attachment
- The intertubercular groove contains the tendon of the long head of the biceps
Surgical Neck
- The surgical neck is a common site of fracture of the humerus
- The axillary nerve lies in contact with the surgical neck
Shaft of Humerus
- The shaft has anterolateral, anteromedial, and posterior surfaces and anterior, medial, and lateral borders
- The deltoid muscle is inserted into a deltoid tuberosity on the anterolateral surface at about the middle of the shaft
Distal End of Humerus
- The distal end includes the lateral and medial supracondylar ridges that extend distally to form the medial and lateral epicondyles
- The condyle consists of the capitulum laterally and the trochlea medially
Muscles
- Biceps brachii is the main elbow flexor, but also plays secondary roles as a stabilizer at the shoulder and as a supinator
- Brachioradialis acts essentially as an elbow flexor but also supinates during extreme pronation and pronates during extreme supination
- Triceps brachii is the main extensor, with a negligible assistance from anconeus
Carrying Angle
- The carrying angle is the deviation from a straight line when the arm is extended, occurring in the direction of the thumb
- The angle is greater in the dominant limb than the non-dominant limb of both sexes
Radius
- The radius has an ulnar notch on its medial side for articulation with the head of the ulna
- The dorsal tubercle is a small prominence on the convex dorsal aspect of the distal end of the radius
- The inferior surface of the distal end articulates with the lunate (medial) and the scaphoid (lateral)
Clinical Correlates
- A fall on the outstretched hand may result in a Colles' fracture of the distal end of the radius
- The fifth lumbar vertebra is the most common site of spondylosis and spondylolisthesis
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
