Scalability in System Design: Part 1
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary benefit of partitioning data or functionality across multiple nodes/servers?

to distribute workload and avoid bottlenecks

What is the main advantage of using asynchronous communication in application design?

to defer long-running or non-critical tasks and ensure the main application remains responsive to users

What is the key benefit of breaking down an application into smaller, independent services in a microservices architecture?

it improves resilience and allows teams to work on specific components in parallel

What is the primary purpose of auto-scaling in cloud computing?

<p>to automatically adjust the number of active servers based on the current load</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of deploying an application in multiple data centers or cloud regions?

<p>to reduce latency and improve redundancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do microservices architecture and auto-scaling work together to improve system resilience?

<p>by allowing independent scaling of services and adjusting server capacity based on load</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what ways can a system grow?

<p>A system can grow in five dimensions: user base, features, data volume, complexity, and geographic reach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between vertical scaling and horizontal scaling?

<p>Vertical scaling adds more power to existing machines, while horizontal scaling adds more machines to spread the workload.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of load balancing?

<p>To distribute traffic across multiple servers, ensuring no single server becomes overwhelmed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can caching improve system performance?

<p>Caching stores frequently accessed data in-memory, reducing the load on the server or database.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) in scalability?

<p>CDNs distribute static assets closer to users, reducing latency and resulting in faster load times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is scalability important for system growth?

<p>Scalability is essential to handle growing amounts of load by adding resources to the system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some limitations of vertical scaling?

<p>Vertical scaling has limitations in how far you can go in adding power to existing machines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can horizontal scaling be beneficial for large systems?

<p>Horizontal scaling is often considered the most effective way to scale for large systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scalability strategies involves deferring tasks to improve application responsiveness?

<p>Asynchronous communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of deploying an application in multiple data centers or cloud regions?

<p>Reduced latency and improved redundancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scalability strategies involves splitting data or functionality across multiple nodes/servers?

<p>Partitioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of auto-scaling in cloud computing?

<p>To automatically adjust the number of active servers based on the current load</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following scalability strategies allows teams to work on specific components in parallel?

<p>Microservices Architecture</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

System Growth

  • A system can grow in five dimensions:
    • Growth in User Base: increased number of requests due to more users
    • Growth in Features: introducing new functionality to expand the system's capabilities
    • Growth in Data Volume: increased data storage and management due to user activity or logging
    • Growth in Complexity: system architecture evolves to accommodate new features, scale, or integrations
    • Growth in Geographic Reach: expanding the system to serve users in new regions or countries

Scalability

  • Scalability is the property of a system to handle a growing amount of load by adding resources
  • There are 10 common ways to make a system scalable:

Scalability Methods

  • Vertical Scaling (Scale up): adding more power to existing machines by upgrading server with more RAM, faster CPUs, or additional storage
  • Horizontal Scaling (Scale out): adding more machines to the system to spread the workload across multiple servers
  • Load Balancing: distributing traffic across multiple servers to ensure no single server becomes overwhelmed
  • Caching: storing frequently accessed data in-memory to reduce the load on the server or database
  • Content Delivery Networks (CDNs): distributing static assets closer to users to reduce latency and result in faster load times
  • Partitioning: splitting data or functionality across multiple nodes/servers to distribute workload and avoid bottlenecks
  • Asynchronous communication: deferring long-running or non-critical tasks to background queues or message brokers
  • Microservices Architecture: breaking down the application into smaller, independent services that can be scaled independently
  • Auto-Scaling: automatically adjusting the number of active servers based on the current load
  • Multi-region Deployment: deploying the application in multiple data centers or cloud regions to reduce latency and improve redundancy

System Growth

  • A system can grow in five dimensions:
    • Growth in User Base: increased number of requests due to more users
    • Growth in Features: introducing new functionality to expand the system's capabilities
    • Growth in Data Volume: increased data storage and management due to user activity or logging
    • Growth in Complexity: system architecture evolves to accommodate new features, scale, or integrations
    • Growth in Geographic Reach: expanding the system to serve users in new regions or countries

Scalability

  • Scalability is the property of a system to handle a growing amount of load by adding resources
  • There are 10 common ways to make a system scalable:

Scalability Methods

  • Vertical Scaling (Scale up): adding more power to existing machines by upgrading server with more RAM, faster CPUs, or additional storage
  • Horizontal Scaling (Scale out): adding more machines to the system to spread the workload across multiple servers
  • Load Balancing: distributing traffic across multiple servers to ensure no single server becomes overwhelmed
  • Caching: storing frequently accessed data in-memory to reduce the load on the server or database
  • Content Delivery Networks (CDNs): distributing static assets closer to users to reduce latency and result in faster load times
  • Partitioning: splitting data or functionality across multiple nodes/servers to distribute workload and avoid bottlenecks
  • Asynchronous communication: deferring long-running or non-critical tasks to background queues or message brokers
  • Microservices Architecture: breaking down the application into smaller, independent services that can be scaled independently
  • Auto-Scaling: automatically adjusting the number of active servers based on the current load
  • Multi-region Deployment: deploying the application in multiple data centers or cloud regions to reduce latency and improve redundancy

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