Saturated Solutions in Chemistry

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What does molarity measure?

Volume of the solvent in a solution

Amount of a substance dissolved in a solution (correct)

Mass of the solvent in a solution

Density of the solvent in a solution

In a solution, which component is the solute?

The substance that is dissolved (correct)

The substance dissolved in another substance

The substance that affects the color of the solution

The substance that acts as the solvent

What is the unit of measurement for solute concentration?

Moles of solute per liter of solution (correct)

Grams of solvent per liter of solution

Moles of solvent per gram of solution

Liters of solute per gram of solution

Why do chemists use molar units when working with chemical reactions?

To standardize the basis for quantifying the number of particles in a reaction Signup and view all the answers

What does Avogadro's number represent?

The number of atoms in a mole Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the dissolution rate of gases when the pressure is increased?

Increases Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is considered an electrolyte?

Sodium chloride Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes strong electrolytes from weak electrolytes?

Strong electrolytes completely dissociate into ions Signup and view all the answers

In which type of solution does the solute amount fall below the solubility curve?

Unsaturated solution Signup and view all the answers

What factor can influence the ease of the dissolution of a solute into a solvent?

Particle size Signup and view all the answers

What is the percent yield formula?

Actual yield / Theoretical yield Signup and view all the answers

How is the empirical formula of a compound determined using percent composition?

By calculating the ratio of moles of individual elements Signup and view all the answers

What is an anhydrate?

A hydrate where water has been removed. Signup and view all the answers

Why does dissolution only occur when the solvent and solute have similar polarities?

"Like dissolves like" principle. Signup and view all the answers

How does an increase in temperature affect the rate of dissolution?

It increases the rate of dissolution due to higher kinetic energy. Signup and view all the answers

What type of compounds are salts composed of?

Ionic compounds Signup and view all the answers

How is molarity (M) defined?

Moles of solute per liters of solution Signup and view all the answers

Which property describes the tendency of solvent molecules to escape into the gas phase in a solution?

Vapor pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a salt solubility table in predicting reactions?

To predict if a precipitate will form when two solutions are mixed Signup and view all the answers

How is molality (m) expressed?

Moles of solute per kilogram of solvent Signup and view all the answers

What are the four variables needed to define the physical state of a gas?

Temperature, pressure, volume, moles Signup and view all the answers

At standard temperature and pressure (STP), how many liters does one mole of any gas occupy?

22.4 liters Signup and view all the answers

What determines the amount of excess reactant that will be consumed in a chemical reaction?

The limiting reactant Signup and view all the answers

How can you determine the product generated in a chemical reaction?

By equating the moles of the limiting reactant and product Signup and view all the answers

What does the molar mass represent in chemistry?

The grams of the atom per one mole of that atom Signup and view all the answers

What is the key component of an Arrhenius acid when dissolved in water?

Hydronium ions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a property of Arrhenius bases?

Feels slippery to the touch Signup and view all the answers

What must be present for a substance to be classified as an Arrhenius acid?

Hydrogen ions Signup and view all the answers

In a decomposition reaction involving a binary compound, what are the expected products?

Elements in the reactant Signup and view all the answers

What does a saturated solution contain?

Maximum concentration of solute Signup and view all the answers

According to Lewis, an acid is a substance that _______________.

accepts an electron pair to form a covalent bond Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist's definition of acids and bases does not account for substances that do not contain hydrogen?

Bronsted and Lowry Signup and view all the answers

What is the main limitation of the first scientist's definition of acids in the text?

It requires the substance to be dissolved in water Signup and view all the answers

According to Bronsted and Lowry, what characterizes an acid?

Donates a proton Signup and view all the answers

What type of substances do Bronsted and Lowry's definitions not consider?

Substances without hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

What makes Lewis' definition unique compared to the other definitions mentioned?

Accounts for substances without hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

Which scientist's definition allows for a broader range of substances to be classified as acids?

Lewis Signup and view all the answers

What is a key limitation of Bronsted and Lowry's definitions of acids and bases?

Doesn't consider substances without hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Lewis' definition from the other scientists' definitions?

Includes substances without hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of defining acids does Lewis focus on compared to Bronsted and Lowry?

The role of electrons in forming covalent bonds Signup and view all the answers