Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
A system is in an equilibrium state if changes can occur without the aid of an external means.
False
The series of states a system passes during a process is called the path of the process.
True
For a cycle, the initial and final states must be different.
False
The net change in a property is always zero for any cycle.
Signup and view all the answers
Working substance is the substance that does not undergo any thermodynamic processes.
Signup and view all the answers
In a solid, molecules are arranged in a random pattern due to large distances between them.
Signup and view all the answers
At a pressure of 101.325 kPa, Tsat is 99.978℃.
Signup and view all the answers
A compressed liquid state occurs when T is greater than Tsat.
Signup and view all the answers
As temperature rises in a compressed liquid state, the specific volume of the liquid decreases.
Signup and view all the answers
The pressure in the cylinder remains constant during the compressed liquid state at 1 atm.
Signup and view all the answers
The saturated temperature (Tsat) at 1 atm is 100°C for water.
Signup and view all the answers
At the Saturated Liquid point, water has completely vaporized into steam.
Signup and view all the answers
A saturated liquid is about to vaporize.
Signup and view all the answers
During the boiling process, the temperature will rise continuously until the liquid is completely vaporized.
Signup and view all the answers
At state (3), a saturated liquid-vapor mixture exists in equilibrium.
Signup and view all the answers
Midway about the vaporization line, the cylinder contains only vapor.
Signup and view all the answers
At state (4), heat loss from the vapor will cause some of the vapor to condense.
Signup and view all the answers
A saturated vapor has some liquid present.
Signup and view all the answers
The quality (x) of a system consisting of saturated liquid is 1.
Signup and view all the answers
In a vaporization process, a substance exists as a mixture of saturated liquid and saturated vapor.
Signup and view all the answers
The quality (x) for saturated mixtures can have a value greater than 1.
Signup and view all the answers
The quality (x) is defined as the ratio of the mass of vapor to the total mass of the mixture.
Signup and view all the answers
The amount of energy transferred is calculated by 𝒎𝒎𝒉𝒉𝒇𝒇𝒇𝒇 = $0.2 imes 222222$.
Signup and view all the answers
The quality of a system consisting of saturated vapor is 1 (or 100 percent).
Signup and view all the answers
Superheated vapor tables list properties against temperature for selected pressures, starting with saturated vapor data.
Signup and view all the answers
Superheated vapor is characterized by its lower pressure compared to the saturated pressure at a given temperature.
Signup and view all the answers
If specific volume (v) is given with pressure or temperature, it indicates that v is lower than the specific volume of saturated vapor.
Signup and view all the answers
Superheated vapor tables provide properties against pressure for selected temperatures, starting with the saturated vapor data.
Signup and view all the answers
The state being located in the superheated region means all properties will be calculated from superheated tables if the given pressure is lower than the saturated pressure at the provided temperature.
Signup and view all the answers
Saturated vapor is characterized by having a higher pressure compared to superheated vapor at a given temperature.
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Equilibrium and Processes
- A system is in equilibrium if changes occur without external assistance.
- The series of states a system undergoes during a process is referred to as the path of the process.
- For a cycle, the initial and final states must differ; the net change in a property during any cycle is zero.
Thermodynamic States
- A working substance does not experience any thermodynamic processes.
- In a solid state, molecules exhibit random arrangement due to large inter-molecular distances.
- At a pressure of 101.325 kPa, the saturated temperature (Tsat) is 99.978°C.
Compressed Liquid State
- A compressed liquid state occurs when the temperature (T) is greater than Tsat.
- In the compressed liquid state, as temperature increases, the specific volume of the liquid decreases.
- Pressure remains constant at 1 atm during the compressed liquid state.
Saturated Conditions
- At 1 atm, the saturated temperature for water is 100°C.
- The saturated liquid point indicates that water has fully vaporized into steam; a saturated liquid is on the verge of vaporization.
- Boiling continues as temperature rises until all liquid is vaporized.
Liquid-Vapor Mixtures
- At state (3), a saturated liquid-vapor mixture is in equilibrium.
- A cylinder containing only vapor exists midway along the vaporization line.
- At state (4), heat loss from the vapor leads to some condensation, indicating the presence of saturated vapor with residual liquid.
Quality of Mixtures
- Quality (x) of a saturated liquid is defined as 1 (100% vapor).
- In a vaporization process, the substance can be a mix of saturated liquid and vapor.
- Quality can exceed 1 for saturated mixtures and is the ratio of vapor mass to total mixture mass.
- Energy transfer is expressed as: 𝑚𝑚𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = $0.2 \times 222222$.
Superheated Vapor
- A system with saturated vapor has a quality (x) of 1 (or 100%).
- Superheated vapor tables display properties based on temperature for specific pressures, beginning with the saturated vapor data.
- Distinctive of superheated vapor is its lower pressure compared to saturated vapor at a specific temperature.
- If specific volume (v) is provided alongside pressure or temperature, it signifies a volume lower than that of saturated vapor.
- Properties in the superheated region are determined using superheated vapor tables when given pressure is lower than the saturated pressure at the corresponding temperature.
- Saturated vapor is noted for having higher pressure compared to superheated vapor at the same temperature.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on the characteristics of saturated liquid and saturated vapor states, as well as the phase-change process from liquid to vapor. Explore the concepts related to heat addition causing vaporization and the temperature behavior during boiling.
