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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of GPS satellites?
How many satellites are used in the GPS system?
At what height do GPS satellites orbit the Earth?
How does a GPS receiver determine its exact position?
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Which type of satellite is not part of the GPS satellite category?
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Which of the following is essential for a GPS receiver's functioning?
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What is one application of Earth Observation satellites?
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Which type of satellite would you use for monitoring climatic conditions?
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What is the primary purpose of weather satellites?
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Which type of satellite is primarily used for military purposes?
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What distinguishes Earth observation satellites from other types of satellites?
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At what altitude does the Hubble Space Telescope operate?
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How does the International Space Station (ISS) contribute to scientific research?
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Which satellite is used for radio navigation and positioning?
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What feature is common to both geostationary and low Earth orbit satellites?
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Which of the following is NOT a function of the International Space Station (ISS)?
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What type of satellites are primarily used for positioning and navigation services like GPS?
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What is one advantage of MEO satellites compared to LEO satellites?
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What is a Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO) used for?
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Which of the following is not one of the crucial applications of artificial satellites?
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Why is it beneficial for a satellite to use a transfer orbit when reaching GEO?
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What type of orbit can contribute to monitoring geological and meteorological information?
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Which of the following describes a characteristic of high-throughput satellites (HTS) in MEO?
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What orbital type is used less commonly than MEO for satellite operations?
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What is essential for a satellite to avoid falling back to Earth?
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What prevents a satellite from colliding with others in orbit?
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In what zone does low-Earth orbit extend?
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Why do satellites closer to Earth have a higher risk of falling?
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What type of forces primarily act on a satellite in orbit?
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What significant event in 2007 contributed to space debris issues?
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What happens to a satellite that does not maintain sufficient speed?
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Which satellite is included in the low-Earth orbit zone?
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What force is primarily responsible for the motion of a satellite in orbit?
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What would happen to a satellite if it is launched with a speed lower than the required orbital speed?
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Which trajectory will a satellite follow if it is launched at exactly escape velocity?
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What describes a satellite's path in the absence of gravity?
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What would happen to a satellite that achieves a speed higher than the escape velocity?
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Which of the following statements about satellite motion is true?
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In the thought experiment of Newton's Cannon Ball, what determines the path of the projectile?
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What impact does gravity have on a satellite in orbit?
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Study Notes
Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) Satellites
- MEO satellites are used for positioning and navigation services like GPS.
- MEO satellites provide low latency data communication for service providers.
- They offer a balance between coverage area and data transmission rates.
- MEO satellites are more numerous than Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites but have longer signal delay.
Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO) Satellites
- GTO is used to transition from a transfer orbit to a Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO).
- Satellites are not always placed directly into their final orbit.
- GTO is a midpoint between the launch point and their final position.
- Satellites use their engines to adjust inclination and reach their final orbit.
Satellite Applications
- Telecommunication: Satellites facilitate phone, TV, internet, and mobile services.
- Monitoring: Satellites monitor geological and meteorological areas, including agriculture.
- Satellites help scientists track droughts, food production, and estimate losses from calamities.
- Satellites assist in discovering underground water reserves and optimizing water management.
- Satellites help in identifying locations, including airplanes, ships, and people.
Satellite Types
- Navigation Satellites: Including GPS, using 24 satellites to calculate position on Earth by timing signals.
- Communication Satellites: Like Optus D1, providing television, phone, and internet services across Australia and New Zealand.
- Weather Satellites: Track clouds, temperature, and rainfall using geostationary and low Earth orbits.
- Military Satellites: Used for intelligence gathering, navigation, and military communications.
- Earth Observation Satellites: Take photographs and images of Earth, primarily using Low Earth orbits for accuracy.
- Astronomical Satellites: Observe space, including the Hubble Space Telescope, which provides images of stars and galaxies.
- International Space Station (ISS): A habitable space station orbiting Earth every 92 minutes at 28,000 kilometers per hour.
- Earth Observation/Remote Sensing Satellites: Used for environmental monitoring, meteorology, and cartography.
- Global Positioning System (GPS) Satellites: A network of satellites operated by the US government for navigation.
Circular Motion Principles for Satellites
- A Satellite is a Projectile moving under the influence of gravity.
- Newton's Cannon Ball Experiment demonstrates the principle of orbital motion.
- Different initial velocities result in different trajectories: falling back to Earth, a circular orbit, an elliptical orbit, or escaping Earth.
- A satellite accelerates towards Earth due to gravity.
- In the absence of forces, a satellite would maintain a straight-line path.
- Gravity deviates a satellite's path from a straight line.
Keeping Satellites in Orbit
- Satellites are constantly falling towards Earth but maintain orbit due to their speed and circular motion.
- Satellites closer to Earth experience atmospheric drag and may fall back.
- Satellites farther from Earth experience less air resistance and maintain orbit.
- Low Earth orbit (160-2,000 km) is where the ISS and space shuttle operations occur.
Preventing Satellite Collisions
- Space debris poses a threat to operational satellites.
- Orbital trajectories and debris tracking help reduce collision risks.
- The ISS performs evasive maneuvers to avoid debris.
- Anti-satellite tests, such as the 2007 Chinese test, increase debris and risks.
- Efforts are underway to reduce space debris.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) and Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO) satellites. This quiz covers the applications of satellites in telecommunications, monitoring, and positioning services. Determine your understanding of how satellites function and their significance in modern technology.