SAS 2: Levels of Organization

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Waste elimination

Cell structure support

Energy production

Protein synthesis (correct)

Ribosomes are responsible for energy production in the cell.

False

What does the plasma membrane do?

It is a selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cell.

The fluid which holds all the contents of a cell is called the ______.

cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

Match the organelle with its function:

Mitochondria = Produces ATP for energy in the cell Ribosomes = Responsible for protein synthesis Plasma membrane = A selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cell Cytoplasm = Fluid which holds all the contents of a cell Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organelles produces ATP?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

The cytoplasm is a solid structure that supports the cell.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are ribosomes primarily responsible for?

Protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

The rough endoplasmic reticulum has a surface that is studded with ______.

ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of the plasma membrane enables it to control substance movement?

Its selective permeability Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Overview of Cells

Cells are the fundamental unit of life, forming the basic building blocks of all living organisms.
Composed of tissues and organs, each specialized for specific functions.
Organisms can be unicellular (single-celled) or multicellular.

Types of Organisms

Prokaryotes:
- Simple, unicellular organisms without a defined nucleus or membrane-bound organelles (e.g., bacteria, archaebacteria).
- Likely the first living organisms on Earth.
Eukaryotes:
- More complex organisms with a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- Can be unicellular (e.g., protozoans) or multicellular (e.g., plants, animals, fungi).

Key Cell Components

Nucleoplasm:
- Fluid inside the nucleus that suspends chromosomes.
Nucleolus:
- Specialized regions within chromosomes, containing multiple copies of genes.
Nucleus:
- Contains the cell's genetic information; the most prominent organelle.
Lysosome:
- Organelle responsible for breaking down foreign materials and waste within the cell.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER):
- Involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification of harmful substances.
Golgi Complex:
- Modifies, packages, and stores products from the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER):
- Site of most protein synthesis within the cell.
Ribosomes:
- Cellular structures responsible for translating RNA into proteins.
Cytoplasm:
- Jelly-like fluid holding all cell contents, providing a medium for cellular processes.
Plasma Membrane:
- Selectively permeable membrane that encases the cell, controlling the movement of substances in and out.
Mitochondria:
- Powerhouse of the cell, producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy currency of cells.

Genetic Similarities

Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes share DNA and use the same genetic code, indicating a common ancestor.

Description

Explore the fundamentals of animal cells and their significance as the basic unit of life. This quiz covers the cellular organization and complexity of living organisms. Understand how cells form tissues and organs, each with specialized functions.