Sarıarqa: Historical Site in Kazakh History

Sarıarqa is an important historical site located in ancient Turkic lands, now part of modern-day Kazakhstan. It has been the subject of much archaeological and linguistic study due to its rich cultural significance. Here's what we know so far about Sarıarqa's place in Kazakh history.

Origins of Sarıarqa

Sarıarqa, also known as Sarai-Bulghar, was the capital of the Golden Horde, an eastern branch of the Mongol Empire founded by Batu Khan. It is located on the left bank of the Volga River, about 30 kilometers from the city of Bolgar, in modern-day Tatarstan, Russia. The site is thought to have been established around 1236-1237 AD and was abandoned around 1438 AD.

The Golden Horde

The Golden Horde was established in 1242 AD by Batu Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan, on the territory of the former Bulgar-Kipchak state. The Golden Horde was a highly centralized state, stronger in many ways than the Mongol Empire itself. It controlled the trade routes from the East to Europe, which made it wealthy.

The Architecture of Sarıarqa

The city of Sarıarqa was built with a fortress on the right bank of the Volga River and a mosque, a madrasa, and a mausoleum on the left bank. The mosque was built of unbaked bricks and had an adjoining madrasa, which was a religious school. The mausoleum was also built of unbaked bricks and was the first in the history of the Golden Horde.

The Influence of Sarıarqa

The influence of Sarıarqa on Kazakh history cannot be overstated. The city not only served as the political and economic center of the Golden Horde, but it also played a significant role in the spread of Islam in the region. The Golden Horde was instrumental in the spread of the Islamic religion and culture among the local population, including the Kazakhs.

The Archaeological Significance of Sarıarqa

The site of Sarıarqa has been the subject of much archaeological study in recent years. In 2009, researchers from the National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the National Museum of the Tatar Republic conducted an archaeological study of the site. The study revealed that Sarıarqa was a significant center of trade and cultural exchange between the East and the West.

Moving Forward

The history of Sarıarqa and its influence on Kazakh history is still being studied and understood. The site remains an important reminder of the rich cultural heritage of the Kazakh people and the broader history of Central Asia. As archaeologists and historians continue to uncover more about this fascinating site, our understanding of its significance is sure to grow.