Sampling Techniques in Research Design
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Questions and Answers

What best describes the definition of a population in research?

  • A single member of the research group.
  • All objects, elements, persons, and characteristics under consideration. (correct)
  • A group of individuals selected randomly.
  • A collection of data collected during the study.

Which type of population refers specifically to the group that is accessible for research?

  • Sample population
  • Accessible population (correct)
  • Target population
  • General population

What is a key characteristic of probability sampling?

  • It uses predetermined criteria for selection.
  • It relies on subjective judgment.
  • It guarantees a representative sample.
  • It involves random selection. (correct)

What is the purpose of sampling techniques in research?

<p>To randomly select participants from the whole population. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the context, what percentage represents an ideal sample size in descriptive research?

<p>10% to 20% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sampling technique is more likely to result in a biased sample?

<p>Non-probability sampling (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a literature review involve in the context of research?

<p>Reading similar or related literature to current research. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Slovin’s Formula in research?

<p>To compute an acceptable sample size. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What main principle underlies power analysis in statistical studies?

<p>Effect size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sampling method involves ensuring homogeneity within groups based on a specific characteristic?

<p>Stratified sampling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant drawback of non-probability sampling methods?

<p>They can introduce substantial bias. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what scenario is simple random sampling particularly effective?

<p>When the entire population list is accessible. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically NOT a characteristic of cluster sampling?

<p>Involves bias mitigation strategies. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about statistical power is true?

<p>It indicates the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis correctly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which non-probability sampling method is known for leveraging existing participants to recruit new ones?

<p>Snowball sampling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of probability sampling methods?

<p>Random chance drives the selection process. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of effect size in a research study?

<p>To quantify the level of difference between groups. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical consideration when using stratified sampling?

<p>Grouping should be based on specific shared characteristics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Population

All the people, objects, or characteristics a research study is considering.

Sampling

Selecting a smaller group from a larger population to study.

Sample Size

The number of participants or objects in the sample.

Probability Sampling

A sampling technique where everyone has an equal chance of being chosen.

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Target Population

The complete group of people or objects that researchers intend to study.

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Accessible Population

The actual group the researchers can study. It is a portion of the target population.

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Sample Size Formula

A mathematical formula used to determine how large a sample should be to adequately reflect the whole population.

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Descriptive Research

Research gathering data about the population, and describing the data.

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Non-probability Sampling

A sampling method where participants aren't selected randomly but purposefully, based on specific criteria or convenience. This type of sampling is prone to bias and may not be representative of the entire population.

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Simple Random Sampling

A sampling method where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected, by using methods like drawing names or random number generators.

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Stratified Sampling

The population is divided into subgroups (strata) based on shared attributes, and random samples are taken from each stratum to ensure representation from all groups.

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Cluster Sampling

Groups of individuals (clusters), are selected randomly, and often all members of the chosen clusters are used in the sample. This method is useful for large populations that are geographically spread out.

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Effect Size

The statistical magnitude of a difference or relationship between two groups in a study.

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Statistical Power

The likelihood or probability that a research study will correctly identify a true relationship or difference between variables (i.e, reject the null hypothesis).

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Power Analysis

Statistical methods for determining the sample size needed for study.

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Heterogeneity in Population

A population having wide variety in abilities or traits among members.

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Quota Sampling

Sampling where researchers aim for a specific proportion of the sample to possess certain characteristics

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Study Notes

Population

  • Totality of all objects, elements, persons, and characteristics under consideration
  • Possesses common characteristics
  • Research aims to explore these characteristics

Types of Population

  • Target population
  • Accessible population

Time and Cost Considerations

  • Sample selection involves assessing the whole population
  • Needs time, attention, and effort

Approaches in Identifying the Sample Size

  • Research Design: Descriptive, Comparative
  • Number of Subjects/Participants: 10-20% (descriptive), 15 students/groups (comparative)
  • Literature Review is crucial for related research

Sampling

  • Systematic process of selecting a group to analyze

Sample Size

  • Reflects 95% distribution of the whole population. A sample size representing the whole population is highly probable

Sampling Techniques

  • Probability Sampling: uses random selection
  • Non-probability Sampling: purposive or controlled selection
  • Heterogeneity of population: composed of individuals with varied abilities

Statistical Techniques

  • Accuracy of the sample depends on the method used

Statistical Power

  • Probability of rejecting the null hypothesis
  • There is a relationship between independent and dependent variables

Effect size

  • Level of difference between experimental and control groups

Non-Probability Sampling

  • Not chosen randomly, often purposefully
  • Susceptible to bias
  • Quota, Voluntary, Purposive, Snowball

Probability Sampling

  • Based on chance
  • Everybody participates in the population
  • Simple Random Sample, Systematic, Stratified, Cluster

Simple Random Sampling (SRS)

  • Entire population list is necessary
  • Useful for random selection with or without replacement

Stratified Sampling

  • Groups respondents based on particular characteristics
  • Each group is homogenous

Cluster Sampling

  • Groups respondents based on geographic closeness
  • Researcher selects a specific number of clusters
  • Tests all students in selected schools, may be biased

Stage Sampling

  • Selecting samples in stages

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Related Documents

Sampling Procedure and Sample - Research Reviewer PDF

Description

This quiz focuses on key concepts related to sampling techniques, population types, and sample size determination in research design. Understand the differences between target and accessible populations, explore various sampling methods, and examine the importance of literature reviews in research. Engage with practical insights on how to successfully identify and implement sample sizes.

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