Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the main feature of (Simple) Random Sampling?
What is the main feature of (Simple) Random Sampling?
- Unequal chance for each member of the population to be selected
- Selection made by drawing a lot or using random numbers table (correct)
- All members of a population are chosen based on a systematic process
- Choosing the nth name in a population as the sample
What distinguishes Systematic Sampling from other designs?
What distinguishes Systematic Sampling from other designs?
- Dividing the population into strata and drawing the sample at random from each division
- It involves choosing the nth name in a population as the sample (correct)
- Random selection based on a predetermined sequence
- Selection based on a group rather than an individual
How does Stratified Sampling differ from Cluster Sampling?
How does Stratified Sampling differ from Cluster Sampling?
- Sampling is done in stages based on hierarchy
- It entails choosing the nth name in a population as the sample
- It involves dividing the population into strata and drawing the sample at random from each division (correct)
- It uses a group as a sample rather than an individual
What is the key characteristic of Cluster Sampling?
What is the key characteristic of Cluster Sampling?
What sets Multi-stage Sampling apart from other designs?
What sets Multi-stage Sampling apart from other designs?
What is the general rule regarding sampling size?
What is the general rule regarding sampling size?
Which formula is used to figure out the sample size needed for a study?
Which formula is used to figure out the sample size needed for a study?
In which type of study are more samples required, observational or experimental?
In which type of study are more samples required, observational or experimental?
What is the main objective of using a questionnaire in a study?
What is the main objective of using a questionnaire in a study?
What does validity refer to in the context of an instrument used in a study?
What does validity refer to in the context of an instrument used in a study?
What does face validity in the context of a study instrument involve?
What does face validity in the context of a study instrument involve?
Which type of validity focuses on how well a concept or idea is translated into a functioning reality?
Which type of validity focuses on how well a concept or idea is translated into a functioning reality?
What does discriminant validity measure in the context of latent variables?
What does discriminant validity measure in the context of latent variables?
Which type of validity is expressed by how scores from a test are correlated with an external criterion?
Which type of validity is expressed by how scores from a test are correlated with an external criterion?
'Concurrent validity' is gathered to defend using a test for predicting what kind of outcomes?
'Concurrent validity' is gathered to defend using a test for predicting what kind of outcomes?
'Reliability' is essentially concerned with what aspect of a measurement scale?
'Reliability' is essentially concerned with what aspect of a measurement scale?
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Study Notes
Sampling Methods
- The main feature of Simple Random Sampling is that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
- Systematic Sampling is distinguished from other designs by selecting every nth member of the population.
- Stratified Sampling differs from Cluster Sampling in that it involves dividing the population into subgroups and then sampling from each subgroup, whereas Cluster Sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups and then sampling entire groups.
- The key characteristic of Cluster Sampling is that it involves selecting entire groups or clusters from the population.
Sampling Size
- The general rule regarding sampling size is that a larger sample size is more representative of the population.
- The formula used to determine the sample size needed for a study is: Sample size = (Z^2 * σ^2) / E^2, where Z is the Z-score, σ is the population standard deviation, and E is the margin of error.
- More samples are required in observational studies than in experimental studies.
Questionnaires
- The main objective of using a questionnaire in a study is to gather information from participants.
Instrument Validity
- Validity refers to the extent to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure.
- Face validity involves whether the instrument appears to measure what it is supposed to measure on the surface level.
- Construct validity focuses on how well a concept or idea is translated into a functioning reality.
- Discriminant validity measures the degree to which a concept or idea is distinct from other related concepts or ideas.
- Criterion validity is expressed by how scores from a test are correlated with an external criterion.
- Concurrent validity is gathered to defend using a test for predicting future outcomes.
Reliability
- Reliability is essentially concerned with the consistency of a measurement scale.
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