16 Questions
What is the main feature of (Simple) Random Sampling?
Selection made by drawing a lot or using random numbers table
What distinguishes Systematic Sampling from other designs?
It involves choosing the nth name in a population as the sample
How does Stratified Sampling differ from Cluster Sampling?
It involves dividing the population into strata and drawing the sample at random from each division
What is the key characteristic of Cluster Sampling?
Using a group as a sample rather than an individual
What sets Multi-stage Sampling apart from other designs?
Stages of sampling are done based on hierarchy
What is the general rule regarding sampling size?
The larger the sample, the more reliable is the result of the study
Which formula is used to figure out the sample size needed for a study?
Slovin’s Formula
In which type of study are more samples required, observational or experimental?
Observational Study
What is the main objective of using a questionnaire in a study?
To obtain relevant information reliably and validly
What does validity refer to in the context of an instrument used in a study?
Ability to measure what it intends to measure
What does face validity in the context of a study instrument involve?
Subjective judgment on the operationalization of a construct
Which type of validity focuses on how well a concept or idea is translated into a functioning reality?
Construct Validity
What does discriminant validity measure in the context of latent variables?
Extent to which latent variable A discriminates from other latent variables
Which type of validity is expressed by how scores from a test are correlated with an external criterion?
'Criterion-related Validity' or 'Equivalence Test'
'Concurrent validity' is gathered to defend using a test for predicting what kind of outcomes?
'Current outcomes'
'Reliability' is essentially concerned with what aspect of a measurement scale?
'Measurement error'
Study Notes
Sampling Methods
- The main feature of Simple Random Sampling is that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
- Systematic Sampling is distinguished from other designs by selecting every nth member of the population.
- Stratified Sampling differs from Cluster Sampling in that it involves dividing the population into subgroups and then sampling from each subgroup, whereas Cluster Sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups and then sampling entire groups.
- The key characteristic of Cluster Sampling is that it involves selecting entire groups or clusters from the population.
Sampling Size
- The general rule regarding sampling size is that a larger sample size is more representative of the population.
- The formula used to determine the sample size needed for a study is: Sample size = (Z^2 * σ^2) / E^2, where Z is the Z-score, σ is the population standard deviation, and E is the margin of error.
- More samples are required in observational studies than in experimental studies.
Questionnaires
- The main objective of using a questionnaire in a study is to gather information from participants.
Instrument Validity
- Validity refers to the extent to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure.
- Face validity involves whether the instrument appears to measure what it is supposed to measure on the surface level.
- Construct validity focuses on how well a concept or idea is translated into a functioning reality.
- Discriminant validity measures the degree to which a concept or idea is distinct from other related concepts or ideas.
- Criterion validity is expressed by how scores from a test are correlated with an external criterion.
- Concurrent validity is gathered to defend using a test for predicting future outcomes.
Reliability
- Reliability is essentially concerned with the consistency of a measurement scale.
This quiz covers the aspects of sampling design, including the determination of the locale of the study and the selection of respondents or participants. It also discusses the two types of sampling designs: Probability and Non-Probability, with a focus on (Simple) Random Sampling.
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