Sampling Design and Types of Sampling

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Questions and Answers

What is the main feature of (Simple) Random Sampling?

Unequal chance for each member of the population to be selected

Selection made by drawing a lot or using random numbers table (correct)

All members of a population are chosen based on a systematic process

Choosing the nth name in a population as the sample

What distinguishes Systematic Sampling from other designs?

Dividing the population into strata and drawing the sample at random from each division

It involves choosing the nth name in a population as the sample (correct)

Random selection based on a predetermined sequence

Selection based on a group rather than an individual

How does Stratified Sampling differ from Cluster Sampling?

Sampling is done in stages based on hierarchy

It entails choosing the nth name in a population as the sample

It involves dividing the population into strata and drawing the sample at random from each division (correct)

It uses a group as a sample rather than an individual

What is the key characteristic of Cluster Sampling?

Using a group as a sample rather than an individual Signup and view all the answers

What sets Multi-stage Sampling apart from other designs?

Stages of sampling are done based on hierarchy Signup and view all the answers

What is the general rule regarding sampling size?

The larger the sample, the more reliable is the result of the study Signup and view all the answers

Which formula is used to figure out the sample size needed for a study?

Slovin’s Formula Signup and view all the answers

In which type of study are more samples required, observational or experimental?

Observational Study Signup and view all the answers

What is the main objective of using a questionnaire in a study?

To obtain relevant information reliably and validly Signup and view all the answers

What does validity refer to in the context of an instrument used in a study?

Ability to measure what it intends to measure Signup and view all the answers

What does face validity in the context of a study instrument involve?

Subjective judgment on the operationalization of a construct Signup and view all the answers

Which type of validity focuses on how well a concept or idea is translated into a functioning reality?

Construct Validity Signup and view all the answers

What does discriminant validity measure in the context of latent variables?

Extent to which latent variable A discriminates from other latent variables Signup and view all the answers

Which type of validity is expressed by how scores from a test are correlated with an external criterion?

'Criterion-related Validity' or 'Equivalence Test' Signup and view all the answers

'Concurrent validity' is gathered to defend using a test for predicting what kind of outcomes?

'Current outcomes' Signup and view all the answers

'Reliability' is essentially concerned with what aspect of a measurement scale?

'Measurement error' Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sampling Methods

The main feature of Simple Random Sampling is that every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
Systematic Sampling is distinguished from other designs by selecting every nth member of the population.
Stratified Sampling differs from Cluster Sampling in that it involves dividing the population into subgroups and then sampling from each subgroup, whereas Cluster Sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups and then sampling entire groups.
The key characteristic of Cluster Sampling is that it involves selecting entire groups or clusters from the population.

Sampling Size

The general rule regarding sampling size is that a larger sample size is more representative of the population.
The formula used to determine the sample size needed for a study is: Sample size = (Z^2 * σ^2) / E^2, where Z is the Z-score, σ is the population standard deviation, and E is the margin of error.
More samples are required in observational studies than in experimental studies.

Questionnaires

The main objective of using a questionnaire in a study is to gather information from participants.

Instrument Validity

Validity refers to the extent to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure.
Face validity involves whether the instrument appears to measure what it is supposed to measure on the surface level.
Construct validity focuses on how well a concept or idea is translated into a functioning reality.
Discriminant validity measures the degree to which a concept or idea is distinct from other related concepts or ideas.
Criterion validity is expressed by how scores from a test are correlated with an external criterion.
Concurrent validity is gathered to defend using a test for predicting future outcomes.

Reliability

Reliability is essentially concerned with the consistency of a measurement scale.

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Description

This quiz covers the aspects of sampling design, including the determination of the locale of the study and the selection of respondents or participants. It also discusses the two types of sampling designs: Probability and Non-Probability, with a focus on (Simple) Random Sampling.