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Salivary Glands Anatomy Quiz
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Salivary Glands Anatomy Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What type of saliva does the submandibular gland primarily produce?

  • Mixed saliva (correct)
  • Serous saliva
  • Acidic saliva
  • Mucous saliva

    • Which nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular gland?

  • Lingual nerve
  • Auriculotemporal nerve
  • Chorda tympani nerve (correct)
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve

    • Where does Wharton's duct open in the oral cavity?

  • Under the anterior part of the tongue (correct)
  • At the gums
  • At the lower lip
  • Under the posterior part of the tongue

    • Which of the following glands is the smallest major salivary gland?

    <p>Sublingual gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the recently discovered tubarial glands play?

    <p>Lubrication and swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the submandibular gland is correct?

    <p>It is located between the body of the mandible and the mylohyoid muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total saliva volume does the sublingual gland contribute?

    <p>5-10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical feature is associated with the minor salivary glands?

    <p>They open directly into the mouth via short ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benign neoplasm of the salivary glands?

    <p>Pleomorphic adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is NOT associated with causing dry mouth?

    <p>Liver cirrhosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true regarding malignant neoplasms of the salivary glands?

    <p>Salivary gland carcinoma is classified as malignant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is known to contribute to dry mouth?

    <p>Antidepressants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of obesity on salivary glands?

    <p>Reduced saliva flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is indicated by dry eyes and oral cavity symptoms such as erythema and thinning of the mucosa?

    <p>Sjögren’s syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of Sjögren’s syndrome affecting the oral cavity?

    <p>Thickened saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Head and neck irradiation may lead to which of the following conditions?

    <p>Xerostomia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of nicotine stomatitis?

    <p>Heat from tobacco use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is characterized by painless swelling of the parotid glands?

    <p>Sialosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT associated with mumps?

    <p>Chapped lips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in the oral cavity as a result of nicotine stomatitis?

    <p>Red dots at duct openings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What systemic condition is often associated with Sjögren’s syndrome?

    <p>Raynaud phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The destruction of acini in Sjögren’s syndrome leads to which of the following symptoms?

    <p>Dry mouth and eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the connective tissue surrounding the salivary gland?

    <p>It protects and supports the gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a clinical feature of mumps?

    <p>Parotid gland swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of acini produces a watery secretion?

    <p>Serous acini</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes minor salivary glands from major salivary glands?

    <p>They lack a distinct capsule and mix with connective tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The largest component of saliva produced by mixed salivary glands is predominantly composed of what type of secretion?

    <p>Mucous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of serous saliva?

    <p>Lubricating food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about adenomeres is true?

    <p>They are the working part of a salivary gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are acini within the adenomere classified?

    <p>By their cell type and secretion consistency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the septum play within the salivary gland?

    <p>It divides the gland into lobes and smaller lobules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following glands is commonly referred to as minor salivary glands?

    <p>Buccal and labial glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of serous saliva?

    <p>Thickening food for swallowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mucous saliva?

    <p>Bind food into a bolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes serous-mucous acini from purely mucous acini?

    <p>Serous cells form a demilune around mucous cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells contract to force saliva out of the lumen?

    <p>Myoepithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does acinar fluid primarily consist of?

    <p>Water, inorganic ions, and synthesized cell products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which duct type is characterized by a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells?

    <p>Intercalated duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major modification occurs in the ducts after saliva is secreted?

    <p>Resorption and further modification of saliva</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of duct makes up the bulk of the duct system?

    <p>Striated duct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT associated with mucous secretory cells?

    <p>Production of amylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does mucous saliva play in the oral cavity?

    <p>Protects against frictional abrasion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate destination of saliva after passing through the ducts?

    <p>It enters the oral cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Salivary Glands Anatomy

    • Parotid Gland
      • Largest salivary gland
      • Produces serous saliva (watery, thin, digestive enzymes)
      • Located anterior to the ear, between the masseter muscle and the skin
      • Stensen's Duct
        • Carries saliva from the parotid gland
        • Opens into the oral cavity opposite the 2nd upper molar tooth
      • Innervation
        • Glossopharyngeal nerve (autonomic) - controls saliva production rate
        • Auriculotemporal nerve (sensory)

    Submandibular Gland

    • Second largest salivary gland
    • Produces mixed saliva (mucous and serous)
    • Located between the body of the mandible and the mylohyoid muscle
    • Contributes 60-65% of total saliva volume
    • Wharton's Duct
      • 5 cm long
      • Opens under the anterior part of the tongue, lateral to the lingual frenum, at the sublingual caruncle
    • Innervation
      • Chorda tympani nerve (branch of the facial nerve) - carries parasympathetic fibers to the submandibular gland and tongue
      • Lingual branch of the inferior dental nerve - also provides some innervation

    Sublingual Gland

    • Smallest of the major salivary glands
    • Produces predominantly mucous saliva (thick viscous)
    • Located on the floor of the mouth in the sublingual fossa
    • Contributes 5-10% of total saliva volume
    • Bartholin's Duct
      • Main duct
      • 10-20 smaller ducts (Rivinus ducts) also open along the sublingual fold
    • Innervation is the same as the submandibular gland

    Tubarial Glands

    • Recently discovered salivary gland located in the nasopharynx
    • May play a role in nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal lubrication and swallowing
    • May be involved in Sjögren's Syndrome

    Minor Salivary Glands

    • Numerous small groups of secretory units found throughout the oral cavity, except for the gingiva
    • Mixed saliva, mostly mucous, with lots of salivary proteins
    • Contribute over 10% of total saliva volume
    • Named based on location (e.g., buccal or labial glands)

    Salivary Gland Structure

    • Epithelium - lines the ducts and produces saliva
    • Connective Tissue
      • Surrounds the epithelium, providing support and protection
      • Divided into the capsule (outer layer) and septa (inner divisions)
      • Contains the nerve and blood supply to the gland

    Adenomeres

    • Working part of a salivary gland
    • Surrounded by connective tissue

    Acini

    • Secretory units within adenomeres
    • Made up of secretory cells
    • Resting against the surrounding connective tissue
    • Types:
      • Mucous Acini - produce mucous saliva which binds food into a bolus and protects the oral cavity
      • Serous Acini - produce serous saliva, which lubricates food, initiates enzyme-based digestion, removes debris, and dilutes food
      • Serous-Mucous Acini - serous cells form a demilune around mucous cells

    Myoepithelial Cells

    • Embrace the acini secretory cells
    • Contract and squeeze to force saliva out of the lumen and into the ducts

    Acinar Fluid

    • Not yet saliva
    • Consists of:
      • Water
      • Inorganic ions
      • Small molecules and products synthesized by cells (mucoproteins and amylase)
    • Modified as it travels through the ducts

    Ducts

    • Saliva travels and undergoes further modification through these
    • Three types:
      • Intercalated Ducts - lined by a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells
      • Striated Ducts - bulk of the duct system, contribute to saliva modification
      • Excretory Ducts - open into the oral cavity

    Salivary Stimulants

    • Food and other stimuli (e.g., taste, smell, chewing)
    • Parasympathetic nerve stimulation (increases saliva production)
    • Sympathetic nerve stimulation (decreases saliva production)

    Salivary Gland Disorders

    Xerostomia (Dry Mouth)

    • Can be caused by:
      • Emotional disturbances (e.g., anxiety)
      • Mouth breathing
      • Smoking
      • Medications (e.g., antidepressants, antianxiety drugs)
      • Talking for long periods

    Degenerative

    • Sjögren's Syndrome
      • Immunological disorder causing dry eyes and dry mouth
      • Acini are destroyed
      • Commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis and Raynaud's phenomenon

    Inflammation/Infection

    • Mumps
      • Acute viral infection causing inflammation and swelling of the parotid glands
    • Nicotine Stomatitis
      • Inflammation of minor salivary glands on the palate due to heat from tobacco use
      • Causes red dots on the palate

    Sialosis

    • Painless swelling of the parotid glands, not caused by inflammation or infection
    • May occur on its own or due to other medical conditions (e.g., bulimia, diabetes, pregnancy, obesity, kidney failure)

    Neoplasms (Tumours)

    • Benign
      • Warthin's tumor
      • Pleomorphic adenoma
    • Malignant
      • Salivary gland carcinoma
      • Acinic cell carcinoma

    Functional Disorders

    • Dry mouth caused by:
      • Emotional disturbances e.g., anxiety, depression, stress
      • Mouth breathing
      • Smoking
      • Drugs
      • Talking for long periods

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    Salivary Glands Anatomy PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the anatomy and functions of the salivary glands, focusing on the parotid and submandibular glands. This quiz will cover their locations, ducts, saliva production types, and innervation. Perfect for students of anatomy and physiology.

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