19 Head and Neck ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
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Questions and Answers

What is the most common injured nerve with parotid surgery?

  • Greater auricular nerve (correct)
  • Hypoglossal nerve
  • Facial nerve
  • Glossopharyngeal nerve

Which tumor is the #1 tumor overall of the salivary glands?

  • Warthin’s tumor
  • Pleomorphic adenoma (correct)
  • Hemangioma
  • Cholesteatoma

What is the primary treatment for a Warthin’s tumor?

  • Radiation therapy
  • Superficial parotidectomy (correct)
  • Chemotherapy
  • Total parotidectomy

What is the most common injured nerve with submandibular gland resection?

<p>Marginal mandibular nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is the most common salivary gland tumor in children?

<p>Hemangiomas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of suppurative parotitis?

<p>Dehydration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tumor is the most common childhood aural malignancy?

<p>Rhabdomyosarcoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for cauliflower ear to avoid complications?

<p>Drain undrained hematomas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary diagnostic method for detecting acoustic neuroma?

<p>MRI (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for ear cholesteatoma?

<p>Surgical excision (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cause of epistaxis (nosebleed)?

<p>Posterior nasal bleeding (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with a failure of tongue fusion?

<p>Median rhomboid glossitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common distant metastasis for primary head and neck tumors?

<p>Lung (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment for sleep apnea in obese individuals with micrognathia/retrognathia?

<p>CPAP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first recommended step when epidermoid carcinoma (SCCA variant) is found in a cervical node without a known primary?

<p>Panendoscopy to look for primary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may be needed as a last resort to secure the airway in the case of laryngeal foreign body?

<p>Cricothyroidotomy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What risk increases with the length of time an esophageal foreign body remains in place?

<p>Perforation risk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may result as a complication of untreated acute supportive otitis media?

<p>Mastoiditis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may be considered in patients who will require intubation for more than 7-14 days?

<p>Tracheostomy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

[difficult] What should be used to rule out perforation after fever and pain following rigid esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for foreign body?

<p><strong>Gastrografin</strong> (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

[difficult] What type of infection is mastoiditis?

<p>Bacterial infection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the false vocal cords located in relation to the true vocal cords?

<p>Superior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve runs between the internal jugular (IJ) vein and the carotid artery?

<p>Vagus nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland secretes mostly serous fluid?

<p>Parotid gland (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the long thoracic nerve run?

<p>Posterior to the middle scalene muscle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distribution of serous and mucin secretion in the submandibular glands?

<p>50% serous, 50% mucin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle does the accessory nerve innervate?

<p>Trapezius (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The trigeminal nerve gives sensation to most of the face and innervates which muscle group?

<p>Mastication muscles (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the marginal mandibular nerve located in relation to the mouth?

<p>Medial (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve provides motor function to the face?

<p>Facial nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which triangle contains the carotid sheath?

<p>Anterior neck triangle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve injury is associated with the deviation of the tongue to the same side?

<p>Hypoglossal nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx?

<p>Squamous cell carcinoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates all of the larynx except the cricothyroid muscle?

<p>Recurrent laryngeal nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary diagnostic method for detecting nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma?

<p>Nasopharyngeal biopsy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered more premalignant than leukoplakia in the oral cavity?

<p>Erythroplakia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which malignancy presents with hoarseness and early metastases?

<p>Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for verrucous ulcer?

<p>$1^{st}$ line surgical resection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which benign tumor presents with obstruction or epistaxis in males younger than 20 years?

<p>$1^{st}$ branchial cleft cyst (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which salivary gland tumor has a propensity to invade nerve roots and is very sensitive to radiation therapy?

<p>Adenoid cystic carcinoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cancer of maxillary sinus requires maxillectomy as treatment?

<p>Squamous cell carcinoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which benign neoplasm presents with nose bleeding or obstruction and occurs predominantly in males younger than 20 years?

<p>Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary diagnostic method for detecting oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma?

<p>Tonsillectomy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What nerve is most commonly injured during parotid surgery?

The Greater Auricular Nerve is the most commonly injured nerve during surgery on the parotid gland.

What is the most common tumor of the salivary glands?

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common tumor of the salivary glands.

What is the primary treatment for a Warthin's tumor?

Superficial parotidectomy is the standard treatment for a Warthin's tumor.

What is the most commonly injured nerve during submandibular gland resection?

The Marginal Mandibular Nerve is often affected during surgery on the submandibular gland.

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What is the most common salivary gland tumor in children?

Hemangiomas are the most common kind of salivary gland tumors found in children.

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What is the most common cause of suppurative parotitis?

Dehydration is a common cause of suppurative parotitis.

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What is the most common childhood aural malignancy?

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common childhood cancer of the ear.

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What is the recommended treatment for cauliflower ear to avoid complications?

Draining undrained hematomas is recommended to prevent complications from cauliflower ear.

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What is the primary diagnostic method for detecting acoustic neuroma?

MRI is the primary method for diagnosing acoustic neuroma.

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What is the recommended treatment for ear cholesteatoma?

Surgical excision is the primary treatment for ear cholesteatoma.

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What is the most common cause of epistaxis (nosebleed)?

Posterior nasal bleeding is the most common cause of epistaxis (nosebleed).

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Which condition is associated with a failure of tongue fusion?

Median rhomboid glossitis is a condition that occurs when the tongue doesn't fuse properly during development.

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What is the most common distant metastasis for primary head and neck tumors?

The lung is the most common site for distant metastasis from head and neck tumors.

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What is the recommended treatment for sleep apnea in obese individuals with micrognathia/retrognathia?

CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) therapy is recommended for sleep apnea in obese individuals with micrognathia/retrognathia.

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What is the first recommended step when epidermoid carcinoma (SCCA variant) is found in a cervical node without a known primary?

Panendoscopy is the first step recommended when epidermoid carcinoma (SCCA variant) is found in a cervical node without a known primary.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What may be needed as a last resort to secure the airway in the case of laryngeal foreign body?

Cricothyroidotomy is a procedure that can be used as a last resort to secure the airway in the case of laryngeal foreign body.

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What risk increases with the length of time an esophageal foreign body remains in place?

The risk of perforation increases the longer an esophageal foreign body remains in place.

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Which condition may result as a complication of untreated acute supportive otitis media?

Mastoiditis is a complication that can occur if acute supportive otitis media is left untreated.

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What may be considered in patients who will require intubation for more than 7-14 days?

Tracheostomy may be considered in patients who will require intubation for more than 7-14 days.

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What should be used to rule out perforation after fever and pain following rigid esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for foreign body?

Gastrografin is used to rule out perforation after fever and pain following rigid esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for foreign body.

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What type of infection is mastoiditis?

Mastoiditis is a bacterial infection.

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Where are the false vocal cords located in relation to the true vocal cords?

The false vocal cords are located superiorly to the true vocal cords.

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Which nerve runs between the internal jugular (IJ) vein and the carotid artery?

The Vagus nerve runs between the internal jugular (IJ) vein and the carotid artery.

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Which gland secretes mostly serous fluid?

The parotid gland secretes mostly serous fluid.

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Where does the long thoracic nerve run?

The long thoracic nerve runs posterior to the middle scalene muscle.

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What is the distribution of serous and mucin secretion in the submandibular glands?

The submandibular glands secrete a mixture of serous and mucin fluid (50% each).

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Which muscle does the accessory nerve innervate?

The accessory nerve innervates the trapezius muscle.

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The trigeminal nerve gives sensation to most of the face and innervates which muscle group?

The trigeminal nerve provides sensation to most of the face and also innervates the muscles of mastication.

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Where is the marginal mandibular nerve located in relation to the mouth?

The marginal mandibular nerve is located medial to the mouth.

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Which nerve provides motor function to the face?

The facial nerve provides motor function to the face.

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Which triangle contains the carotid sheath?

The anterior neck triangle contains the carotid sheath.

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Which cranial nerve injury is associated with the deviation of the tongue to the same side?

Injury to the hypoglossal nerve can cause the tongue to deviate towards the same side.

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What is the most common cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx?

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of cancer found in the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx.

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Which nerve innervates all of the larynx except the cricothyroid muscle?

The recurrent laryngeal nerve innervates all the muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid muscle.

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What is the primary diagnostic method for detecting nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma?

Nasopharyngeal biopsy is the primary diagnostic method for detecting nasopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

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What is considered more premalignant than leukoplakia in the oral cavity?

Erythroplakia is considered more premalignant than leukoplakia in the oral cavity.

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Which malignancy presents with hoarseness and early metastases?

Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma presents with hoarseness and early metastases.

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What is the primary treatment for verrucous ulcer?

Surgical resection is the first-line treatment for verrucous ulcer.

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Which benign tumor presents with obstruction or epistaxis in males younger than 20 years?

A first branchial cleft cyst is a benign tumor that can cause obstruction or epistaxis in males younger than 20 years.

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Which salivary gland tumor has a propensity to invade nerve roots and is very sensitive to radiation therapy?

Adenoid cystic carcinoma is a type of salivary gland tumor that can invade nerve roots and is sensitive to radiation therapy.

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Which cancer of maxillary sinus requires maxillectomy as treatment?

Squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus requires maxillectomy for treatment.

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Which benign neoplasm presents with nose bleeding or obstruction and occurs predominantly in males younger than 20 years?

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a benign neoplasm that presents with nose bleeding or obstruction, predominantly in males younger than 20 years.

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What is the primary diagnostic method for detecting oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma?

Tonsillectomy is the primary diagnostic method for detecting oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

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