Salivary Gland Diseases Quiz

Salivary Gland Diseases and Dysfunction

• Diagnosis of salivary gland diseases and dysfunction is crucial.
• The date of the presentation was November 4, 2024.
• The presenter was Shin-Mey R. Y. Geist, DDS, MS, FDS RCSEd, a Diplomat of the American Board of Oral Medicine, and Associate Professor.

ICD-10-CM Codes

• K11 Diseases of salivary glands is a broad category.
• Specific ICD-10-CM codes further categorize various ailments of salivary glands.
• The codes cover atrophy, hypertrophy, sialoadenitis (acute, chronic, and recurrent), abscesses, fistulas, sialolithiasis (salivary stones), mucoceles, salivary secretion disturbances, and unspecified conditions.

ADA's CDT 2024 Selected Codes

• K11.0 covers atrophy of the salivary gland.
• A variety of other codes deal with different salivary gland conditions.
• The codes are selected from the ADA's CDT 2024 to highlight important conditions.

Learning Objectives

• Be able to diagnose salivary gland diseases using previous coursework on Oral Pathology.
• Understand the difference between resting and stimulated saliva and their contributing factors.
• Properly use the terminology "xerostomia" and "hyposalivation," differentiating subjective and objective measures.
• Recognize and identify risk factors for hyposalivation.
• Identify clinical (physical) signs of hyposalivation.
• Describe the diagnostic approaches for hyposalivation, including methods and laboratory criteria.
• Understand the significance and complications of hyposalivation.

Anatomy of the Salivary Glands

• Diagrams show the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual salivary glands, and associated ducts.
• Diagrams depict the locations of these glands with respect to surrounding facial structures.

Normal Submental Evaluation

• Ultrasound images illustrate normal anatomy of certain salivary glands and surrounding structures.
• Images show normal submental structures.

Ranula, Purulent Drainage, and Mucoceles

• Ranula is a type of mucocele occurring on the floor of the mouth.
• Purulent drainage can be associated with acute suppurative sialadenitis of the submandibular duct.
• Mucoceles arise from intraductal or extraductal mucus extravasation.

Salivary Glands and Saliva

• Three major salivary glands produce approximately 90% of saliva.
• Smaller minor salivary glands contribute the remaining 10%.
• Saliva is predominantly water (99%) with 1% proteins and electrolytes.

Saliva

• Daily saliva production in healthy individuals is between 0.5 and 1.5 liters.
• Submandibular glands are the major contributors to resting saliva (65-70%), while parotid glands are more important for stimulated saliva.
• Insufficient stimulated saliva negatively affects various oral functions.

Hyposalivation

• Saliva plays crucial roles in oral and general health, preventing caries, assisting swallowing, and maintaining oral hygiene.
• Many medical conditions and medicines can affect salivary production.
• Hyposalivation in the elderly deserves assessment for factors beyond normal aging.
• More than 400 medications can cause oral dryness and reduced salivary flow; many categories are implicated.
• Hypertension medications raise the risk of oral dryness.

Information Needed for Hyposalivation Diagnosis

• Thorough patient history is essential.
• Relevant medical conditions and medication history must be assessed.
• Observe oral health signs, including mouth mirror stickiness, atrophic mucosa, and salivary flow.
• Quantitative measurement of saliva is a vital clinical and lab test.
• Specific salivary flow criteria are required for diagnosis.

Complications of Hyposalivation

• Hyposalivation causes oral dryness, chewing difficulties, swallowing problems, speech alteration, denture discomfort, dental caries, oral candidiasis, and miscellaneous issues.

Dental Decay and Hyposalivation

• Dental decay is a serious complication of hyposalivation.
• Hyposalivation considerably increases dental decay risk.

References

• Various citations provide evidence-based support for the information presented.
• Articles discuss methodologies and medical conditions relevant to diagnosing and managing hyposalivation and associated complications.

Case Studies

• Case studies provide specific practical application of the information, demonstrating clinical and radiological findings, and insights into diagnosis.

Why is Medical History Important for Dental Care?

• Gathering patient medical history is crucial, particularly regarding conditions that may affect saliva or denture fit. Questions include any diseases and medication that could cause saliva reduction, especially for dentures.

Sjögren's Syndrome

• Evidence suggests the presence of Sjögren's syndrome is observable in ultrasound images of the parotid glands and the structure appears inhomogeneous.

Test your knowledge on the diagnosis and classification of salivary gland diseases. This quiz covers ICD-10-CM codes, ADA's CDT 2024 selected codes, and the various conditions affecting salivary glands. Ideal for dental and medical professionals seeking to enhance their understanding.