Saliva Composition and Function

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of the mucous glands in the submucosa of the esophagus?

  • To aid in the digestion of proteins
  • To protect the esophagus from acidic pH
  • To regulate the entry of air into the stomach
  • To provide lubrication for swallowing (correct)

What happens to salivary amylase when it reaches the stomach?

  • It becomes activated by the acidic pH
  • It is not affected by the pH of the stomach
  • It remains inactive due to the low pH
  • It is deactivated by the acidic pH (correct)

What type of epithelium is found in the esophagus?

  • Stratified squamous epithelium (correct)
  • Cuboidal epithelium
  • Simple columnar epithelium
  • Pseudostratified epithelium

What is the function of the upper esophageal sphincter?

<p>To prevent air from entering the stomach (D)</p>
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What triggers the pharyngeal phase of swallowing?

<p>The activation of the swallowing reflexes (D)</p>
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What is the name of the condition where parts of the abdominal organs extend up through the hiatus into the thoracic cavity?

<p>Hiatal hernia (C)</p>
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What is the first step in the process of swallowing?

<p>Closing of the epiglottis to block off the trachea (D)</p>
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What triggers the relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter?

<p>Sensory stimuli at the bottom of the esophagus (C)</p>
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What is the primary cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

<p>The improper relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (B)</p>
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What is the result of the improper relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter?

<p>The flow of stomach acid into the esophagus (C)</p>
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What is the term for the circular band of muscle at the bottom of the esophagus?

<p>Lower esophageal sphincter (C)</p>
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What is the term for the phase of swallowing where the bolus is in the esophagus?

<p>Esophageal phase (A)</p>
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