Questions and Answers
From the 14th to the 16th century there were witch hunts in ____, ____, ____ and _____ which accounted for the death of 40,000 to 50,000 people.
Italy, France, Germany, England
The idea of witchcraft came from people's understanding of what?
Holy scriptures
Superstitious villagers used imagined or real enemies as a tool to get rid of whom?
Imagined or real enemies
What types of proof were used to prove that someone was a witch?
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When the king of England became the head of the church, witchcraft became an act of ____ that was punishable by ____.
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In ____, the ______ moved to America to settle an ideal community and govern a colony in Massachusetts. They remained _____ citizens.
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The 'theocracy' they created had no separation between _____ and _____.
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In _____, the witch hunt began in the village of Salem which had ___ inhabitants.
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What did the Puritans fear could be concealed in the forest?
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They lived in a misogynistic community where women were subservient to men. They believed that women would be more likely to join the ____ because they were more easily tempted.
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Elizabeth was ___ years old and Abigail was ____ years old.
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Tituba, a slave, was from where?
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What forbidden activities did Tituba do with the girls?
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How did the girls react?
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The first people to be accused were of what social class?
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What unusual evidence was accepted at the hearings?
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How did Tituba survive?
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What was the next group of people to be accused after the low social classes?
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What fed the girls' accusations?
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____________ was the date of the last executions.
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____ were killed in total.
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____ died by hanging.
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______ died in prison.
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____ died by being pressed to death.
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The trials were ended because of what?
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It took ___ years before the citizens of Salem repented for their actions during the witch hunt.
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Who was the only accuser to apologize?
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Study Notes
Witch Hunts in Europe
- Witch hunts occurred in Italy, France, Germany, and England from the 14th to the 16th centuries, resulting in 40,000 to 50,000 deaths.
Origins of Witchcraft Beliefs
- Concepts of witchcraft were influenced by interpretations of holy scriptures.
Use of Accusations
- Superstitious villagers exploited accusations against imagined or real enemies for personal gain.
Evidence Used in Witch Trials
- Types of proof included the Devil's mark, various tests (e.g., "swimming" test), admission of guilt, unusual traits, mischief following anger, and spectral evidence.
Legal Implications of Witchcraft
- Witchcraft was deemed treasonous and punishable by death once the king of England became the head of the church.
Puritan Settlement in America
- In 1629, Puritans migrated to America, aiming to create an ideal community in Massachusetts while maintaining British citizenship.
Structure of Governance
- A theocracy was established with no separation between church and state.
Salem Witch Hunt Details
- The Salem witch hunt began in 1692 in a village with approximately 500 inhabitants.
Fears of the Puritans
- Puritans were fearful of the forest, which they believed could hide Indian raids or manifestations of the devil.
Gender Dynamics
- A misogynistic view in the community suggested women were more likely to join the devil's service due to perceived susceptibility.
Age of Accused Girls
- Elizabeth was 9 years old and Abigail was 11 years old during the trials.
Background of Tituba
- Tituba, the enslaved individual at the center of accusations, was from Barbados.
Forbidden Practices
- Tituba engaged the girls in Voodoo, tricks, and used egg whites to foresee their future husbands.
Reactions of the Girls
- The accused girls reacted with dramatic screaming and crying during the trials.
Socioeconomic Status of Initial Accused
- The first accusations predominantly targeted individuals from a low social class.
Acceptance of Evidence
- Spectral evidence was controversially accepted during the hearings, influencing the outcomes.
Tituba's Survival
- Tituba managed to survive by confessing her involvement in witchcraft.
Targeting Community Leaders
- Following lower socio-economic accused, upstanding community members became the next targets of accusations.
Motivation for Accusations
- The desire for power and attention fueled the increasingly outrageous accusations made by the girls.
Conclusion of the Trials
- The trials concluded on September 22, 1692, marking the date of the last executions.
Death Toll
- A total of 24 individuals were killed during the trials, including 19 who died by hanging, 4 who died in prison, and 1 who was pressed to death.
Reason for Ending Trials
- The trials ended when accusations became deemed too outrageous to justify.
Repentance of Salem Citizens
- It took 5 years for the citizens of Salem to express remorse for their actions during the witch hunt.
Unique Apology from an Accuser
- Ann Putman Jr. was the only accuser to publicly apologize for her role in the trials.
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Test your knowledge on the Salem Witch Trials with this quiz! The flashcards cover key concepts and historical contexts related to witch hunts in Europe during the 14th to 16th centuries. Engaging and informative, this quiz is perfect for history enthusiasts and learners alike.
