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Questions and Answers

Which of the following describes Nabonidus?

  • The last king of the Babylonian empire. (correct)
  • An Amorite king from the Old Babylonian period.
  • Founder of the Babylonian empire.
  • A Sumerian king.

Which of the following statements about Sargon of Akkad is incorrect?

  • Sargon used Sumerian as the kingdom's formal language (correct)
  • Sargon referred to himself as King of the four corners of earth.
  • Sargon established uniform year names.
  • Sargon referred to himself as King of Four Corners of the earth.

Which of the following law codes was composed during the Old Babylonian period? Please check all the correct answers.

  • Laws of Hammurabi (correct)
  • Laws of Lipit Ishtar (correct)
  • Laws of Ur Nammu
  • Middle Assyrian laws

The Amorites were: (please check all the correct answers)

<p>West Semitic in origin (A), Nomadic tribes that gradually penetrated urban Mesopotamia (B), An ethnic group to which King Hammurabi belonged (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was an important factor in the rise of the Babylonian Empire?

<p>The Carchemish Battle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes the relation between Enūma Eliš and the Genesis 1?

<p>Genesis 1 is not dependent upon Enūma Eliš. However, the two stories share common Ancient Near Eastern ideas about the creation of the world. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the myth about God's battle with the sea not explicitly related in the Bible?

<p>Because it does not accord with Monotheism. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Enûma Eliš, the world was created out of:

<p>The body of Tiamat, after she was defeated by Marduk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following ideas appears both in Enūma Eliš and Genesis 1?

<p>The existence of a large body of water prior to the creation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Marduk?

<p>All answers are correct. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Mesopotamian flood story stands at the background of the biblical flood story?

<p>The biblical story does not parallel one specific flood source. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can we learn from the way in which Noah is portrayed in the Bible?

<p>Noah is presented as passive. This characteristic stresses the omnipotence of God. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can we learn from the verse “And the Lord smelled the pleasing odor”?

<p>That, unlike the Mesopotamian gods, the biblical God does not eat the offerings served to him. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Mesopotamian tradition, the reason for the flood was:

<p>The noise made by human beings, which disturbed the gods’ peace. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components of the flood story are found in the ark tablet?

<p>All answers are correct. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following verses may imply that Israelite religion was not always purely monotheistic? Check all the correct answers.

<p>&quot;Is it not right that whatever your god Chemosh expropriates for you, you should possess; and that everything that Yahweh our God expropriates for us, we should possess?&quot; (Judg 11:24). (A), &quot;Who is like you among the gods, O Lord?&quot; (Exod 15:11) (C), &quot;For all the peoples walk each in the names of its gods, but we will walk in the name of the Lord our God forever and ever.&quot; (Mic 4:5). (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can we learn from the characterization of the protagonist of the biblical flood story?

<p>That there is no apotheosis (=elevation of human beings to divine status) in the Bible. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Kaufmann, the gods' behavior in the Mesopotamian flood story teaches us that (check all the correct answers):

<p>The Mesopotamian gods are subordinate to the forces of nature. (A), The Mesopotamian gods have human needs. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Kaufmann's theory and Wellhausen's theory regarding monotheism?

<p>Kaufmann believed that monotheism stands at the basis of Israelite faith from its very beginning, whereas Wellhausen suggested that monotheism developed out of monolatry. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Kaufmann describe the concept of myth?

<p>All answers are correct. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Mesopotamian etymology, what was the meaning of the name Babel?

<p>Gate of the god(s). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is typical of a ziggurat? (CHECK ALL CORRECT ANSWERS):

<p>A tower. (A), Similar in shape to a pyramid. (B), Made of bricks. (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can be learned from the verse "And they had brick for stone, and bitumen for clay"?

<p>All answers are possible. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following components of the Tower of Babel story implies that the story is not an anti-Babylonian polemic? (CHECK ALL THE CORRECT ANSWERS)

<p>The story describes an event that befalls “the whole earth”. (A), The story takes place before the concepts of nationality and language are born. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The name Esagila means:

<p>House whose top is lofty. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law code is named after a city?

<p>Laws of Eshnunna. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following law codes was composed outside of Mesopotamia?

<p>Laws of the Hittites. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following verses presents a rule fundamentally different from the rule in the parallel Mesopotamian law?

<p>“The ox shall be stoned and its flesh shall not be eaten.” (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following law codes is written in the Sumerian language?

<p>Laws of Ur Nammu. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following verses undermines Greenberg’s argument that biblical law regards murder as a crime against God Himself rather than a crime against the family of the victim?

<p>“The blood avenger himself shall put the murderer to death.” (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between Hammurabi law 146 and the Sarah and Hagar story in Genesis 16?

<p>The Hammurabi law applies to a nadītu, while the biblical story refers to an ordinary wife. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was suggested as an argument against the theory that apodictic law is an Israelite innovation?

<p>The apodictic pattern is known from various ancient Near Eastern genres other than law collections. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following quotes assumes that obtaining a slave girl is in the interest of the wife? PLEASE CHECK ALL THE CORRECT ANSWERS.

<p>&quot;It may be that I shall obtain children by her.&quot; (B), &quot;Here is my servant Bilhah; go in to her, so that she may bear upon my knees&quot; (@)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is characteristic of casuistic law?

<p>All the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Alt conclude from the absence of the apodictic pattern from ancient Near Eastern law collections?

<p>That the apodictic pattern is an Israelite innovation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be learned from the following verse: "The prophets of Israel who prophesy concerning Jerusalem and see visions of peace (Heb: shalom) for it, when there was no peace, says the Lord God" (Ezek 13:16)?

<p>That the Israelite shalom prophets were regarded as false prophets while the true prophets were generally critical of the king. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is typical of prophecy and which is typical of divination?

According to our current knowledge, it was practiced especially at Mari and Nineveh

<p>prophecy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is typical of prophecy and which is typical of divination?

Common across all the ancient Near East

<p>divination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is typical of seventh century Assyrian prophecy and not typical of eighteenth-century Mari prophecy?

<p>The prophecies appear on the tablets ‘as is’ rather than quoted in letters. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is typical of prophecy and which is typical of divination?

Spontaneous, associated with an ecstatic revelation

<p>prophecy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is typical of prophecy and which is typical of divination? Conceived by the ancients as a science

<p>divination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are shulmu prophecies?

<p>Prophecies which predict a good future for the king and his kingdom. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following forms of wisdom exist in the Bible?

<p>Practical and Contemplative. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements hints that the biblical sage adapted the Egyptian text?

<p>All the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In light of the affinities between the Egyptian and biblical text, which is likely to have influenced the other?

<p>The Egyptian text influenced the biblical text, amongst other things because the latter is less clear, being elucidated by the Egyptian text. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following support the claim of parallels between Israelite and Egyptian wisdom?

<p>All the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In light of the Instruction of Amenemope, the “man diligent in his work” in Prov 22:29 is most likely to be

<p>A scribe. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Who was Nabonidus?

The last king of the Babylonian empire.

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