HES 034 and 035
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following choices represents the scientific discipline that deals with the processes or functions of living organisms?

  • A. Physiology (correct)
  • B. Anatomic Imaging
  • C. Regional Anatomy
  • D. Surface Anatomy

    • What term describes the specific interrelationships among the parts of an organism and how these parts interact to perform functions?

  • A. Development
  • B. Organization (correct)
  • C. Growth
  • D. Responsiveness

    • How can the capacity of an organism to perceive alterations in its surroundings and enact necessary modifications for the preservation of its life be described?

  • A. Metabolism
  • B. Development
  • C. Responsiveness (correct)
  • D. Growth

    • What sets apart the various characteristics of life, and specifically, which trait indicates "The ability to utilize energy for the execution of essential functions"?

    <p>B. Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the concept of homeostasis, which involves maintaining stable internal conditions within an organism, relate to the different options provided below?

    <p>The tendency for change in a body variable to be counteracted as soon as the body variable goes past its normal range of values.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately represents the role and characteristics of negative feedback within the complex regulatory systems of the human body?

    <p>Negative feedback is important for maintaining homeostasis in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the intricate web of human physiological control systems, which intricate mechanism operates as a cascade, amplifying an initial stimulus to drive a physiological process to an intensified outcome, thus | functioning in contrast to homeostasis?

    <p>Positive feedback intensifies an initial stimulus to achieve an amplified outcome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Analyzing the relationship between increased carbon dioxide levels in the blood and an elevated respiration (breathing) rate, which of the following statements accurately characterize this mechanism?

    <p>This is negative feedback, because increased respiration rate decreases carbon dioxide in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the method of studying the body's arrangement based on specific regions or areas, a common approach employed in many medical schools?

    <p>Regional Anatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical structure serves as the boundary between the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of bipedal animals like humans, which pair of terms are equivalent in meaning, yet distinct in quadrupeds (animals that walk on all four feet)?

    <p>Anterior and ventral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific body orientation is indicated by the term "anatomical position" with regards to individuals?

    <p>Standing erect, upper limbs at their sides, and palms facing anterior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which abdominal quadrant would an individual experience the pain associated with acute appendicitis?

    <p>Right lower quadrant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options divides the body into upper and lower portions?

    <p>Transverse section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the provided sections divides the body into dorsal and ventral segments?

    <p>Frontal section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the options below divides the body into right and left portions?

    <p>Median plane (sagittal) section</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In anatomical position, how would you describe the relationship of the wrist to the elbow?

    <p>distal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From the anatomical position, how would you describe the relationship of the scapula (shoulder blade) to the ribs?

    <p>dorsal, posterior, and superficial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organ system names is NOT correct?

    <p>Hormonal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What actions must a person take, while standing erect and facing forward with hands on her hips, to adopt the anatomical position?

    <p>Lower her upper limbs to her side with her palms facing anteriorly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a protein component of the cytoskeleton?

    <p>centrosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following organelles is INCORRECTLY matched with its location within the cell?

    <p>Golgi apparatus—on the cell surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are cell membranes referred to as selectively permeable?

    <p>They allow the free passage of some materials and restrict the passage of R others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the result if the cell membranes throughout your body’ lacked selective permeability?

    <p>All of the options are feasible outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cell organelles is NOT correctly matched with its function?

    <p>Mitochondria—site of protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statements about active transport are accurate?

    <p>All of the provided choices are correct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspects are true about translation?

    <p>It entails the creation of peptide bonds between neighboring amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the membrane transport process characterized by the engulfing of solid particles through vesicle formation?

    <p>endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the distinct endocytosis process responsible for introducing liquids and small particles into cells via the creation of small vesicles?

    <p>Pinocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements concerning solutes and solvents is true?

    <p>The solvent is the predominant liquid or gas in a solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a red blood cell is introduced into distilled water, what outcome would be anticipated for the cell?

    <p>Swell and lyse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific mechanism of membrane transport employs carrier molecules to facilitate the movement of substances in the direction of their concentration gradient?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which among these options is NOT considered as one of the fundamental tissue types within the human body?

    <p>Glandular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most accurate categorization for an epithelial tissue composed of multiple layers of cells, where the outer layers are flat and thin, while the inner basal layers are cuboidal or columnar?

    <p>Stratified squamous epithelium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these epithelial types is correctly matched with its major function?

    <p>~All the choices are correct. ~</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the types of epithelial free surfaces is correctly matched with its function

    <p>All of the choices are correct.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific structural components are responsible for forming the intervertebral disks found between vertebrae in the spine?

    <p>Fibrocartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connective tissue forms the essential structure of tendons and ligaments?

    <p>Dense collagenous connective tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe a section that splits the body along the longitudinal plane into two symmetrical right and left halves?

    <p>Median (Midsagittal)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which set of terms corresponds to regions related to the components of the arm?

    <p>Brachial, antecubital, carpal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bodily system encompasses the outer surface of the body and is responsible for the production of vitamin D?

    <p>Integumentary system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Within a control system, which specific component is responsible for identifying a change or alteration?

    <p>Receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The dorsal body cavity provides space for which vital structures?

    <p>Spinal cord and brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which specific anatomical region encompasses the area of the navel (belly button)?

    <p>Umbilical region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical area is referred to as the gluteal region?

    <p>Buttock</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pair of orientation terms possess contrasting meanings when referring to human anatomy?

    <p>Distal and proximal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following systems assumes the role of regulating and orchestrating bodily functions through the use of hormones?

    <p>Endocrine system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which regional term refers to the front surface of the elbow?

    <p>Antecubital region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When considering the positional relationship between the patellar and popliteal regions(front and back of the knee), which description accurately characterizes their arrangement?

    <p>The patellar region is anterior to the popliteal region.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following options can cause a burn, leading to injury of tissue?

    <p>All the options are accurate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features are associated with the stratum corneum of the epidermis?

    <p>can become thickened and form a structure called a callus or corn.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of production and what are the functions or effects of melanin in the body?

    <p>Melanin is produced by melanocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the subsequent statements regarding skin glands is accurate?

    <p>Sebaceous glands generate a lipid-rich oily white substance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following functions of the integumentary system is NOT correctly matched with an example?

    <p>Excretion—Hydrogen ions are moved from the skin into the urine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the subsequent statements regarding the integumentary system is NOT accurate?

    <p>Keratin within the epidermis absorbs ultraviolet light and shields underlying structures from its detrimental impact.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes third-degree burns?

    <p>Result in excessive fluid loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chef Brandi sustained a burn on her arm due to a kettle of spaghetti sauce exploding. During the examination, the doctor utilizes forceps to gently extract a hair from the burned area, and the hair easily comes out. What level of burn classification corresponds to the patient's condition?

    <p>Third-degree burn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately pertains to malignant melanoma?

    <p>It usually originates from melanocytes within an existing mole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the integumentary system?

    <p>Regulation of body temperature by controlling blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does it signify when a cancer is described as having metastasized?

    <p>It has spread to other areas of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sandra has been working very long hours the past three months and has had very little time to relax. She works as a medical transcriptionist and spends most of her time at her desk. The results of her recent annual physical indicated that her calcium levels were on the lower end of the acceptable values. Her physician suggests that she adjust her diet to include more calcium-rich foods and to spend some time relaxing outdoors. Why would her physician suggest she spend time outdoors to improve her calcium levels?

    <p>Sun exposure enables the production of vitamin D in the body, which is necessary for calcium absorption at the small intestine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the composition of the outermost layer of the skin?

    <p>Rich in keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which layer of the skin are melanocytes primarily found?

    <p>stratum basale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a physician estimate the volume of fluid lost in a severely burned patient?

    <p>using the &quot;rule of nines&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial life-threatening concern posed by a severe third-degree burn?

    <p>infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue primarily makes up the hypodermis?

    <p>adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a splinter penetrates to the deepest layer of the epidermis on your foot, which layer would it reach?

    <p>stratum basale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crucial role does the skin play among the following options?

    <p>Converting modified epidermal cholesterol to vitamin D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the protein that fills the outermost dead cells of the epidermis?

    <p>keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to the most superficial layer of the integument?

    <p>stratum corneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the integument contains rapidly dividing keratinocytes?

    <p>stratum germinativum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios could lead to life-threatening fluid loss and vulnerability to infection?

    <p>Full-thickness skin burn</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the integumentary system is the most superficial?

    <p>stratum corneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glands secrete “oil” into a hair follicle?

    <p>sebaceous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The skin participates in the production of vitamin D when which of the following occurs?

    <p>exposed to ultraviolet radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose is vitamin D (calcitriol) used for?

    <p>required for uptake of calcium from the gut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the skin is the most superficial?

    <p>epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lists layers of the integument in the order from most superficial first, to deep?

    <p>epidermis, papillary dermal layer, reticular dermal layer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People with full thickness burns to more than 20 % of their body are in a life threatening situation. This is due to which of the following?

    <p>The body’s inability to prevent water loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following cell types is responsible for forming the skin’s ability to tan on exposure to sunlight?

    <p>melanocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which list below contains functions that are NOT performed by the integumentary system?

    <p>body temperature regulation, synthesis of vitamin E, social function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common protein in the epidermis?

    <p>keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

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