S-Block Elements in Chemistry
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Questions and Answers

What is the atomic number of potassium?

  • 37
  • 55
  • 11
  • 19 (correct)

    • Which alkali metal has the highest ionization enthalpy?

  • Lithium (correct)
  • Sodium
  • Francium
  • Rubidium

    • What is the metallic radius of cesium?

  • 265 pm (correct)
  • 327 pm
  • 186 pm
  • 248 pm

    • What electronic configuration does sodium possess?

    <p>[Ne] 3s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alkali metal has the lowest hydration enthalpy?

    <p>Cs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the ionic radius change among alkali metals from lithium to francium?

    <p>It increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atomic mass of rubidium?

    <p>85.47 g mol$^{-1}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ion has the largest ionic radius among the alkaline earth metals?

    <p>Barium (Ba)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate ionization enthalpy of francium?

    <p>375 kJ mol$^{-1}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electronic configuration of Barium?

    <p>[Xe] 6s2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common use of potassium chloride?

    <p>Fertilizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alkaline earth metal has the highest first ionization enthalpy?

    <p>Beryllium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds is considered an organolead compound?

    <p>PbEt4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement regarding potassium ions is true?

    <p>They produce ATP through glucose oxidation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of alkali metal hydroxides allows them to dissolve freely in water?

    <p>Presence of intense hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atomic number of Magnesium?

    <p>12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alkaline earth metal has a hydrating enthalpy of – 1305 kJ/mol?

    <p>Radium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical form of alkali metal halides at room temperature?

    <p>High melting solids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does liquid sodium metal serve in fast breeder nuclear reactors?

    <p>Coolant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first ionization enthalpy of Strontium?

    <p>1064 kJ/mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following alkaline earth metals has the smallest atomic mass?

    <p>Beryllium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are alkali metal halides generally prepared?

    <p>From metal oxides, hydroxides or carbonates with hydrohalic acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are alkali metal hydroxides classified as the strongest bases?

    <p>They release large amounts of heat on dissolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of sodium allows it to be effective as a coolant?

    <p>Its high thermal conductivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when carbon dioxide is passed through lime water?

    <p>It turns milky due to the formation of calcium carbonate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Calcium carbonate is primarily used in which of the following industries?

    <p>High quality paper manufacturing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced when milk of lime reacts with chlorine?

    <p>Bleaching powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature is gypsum heated to form plaster of Paris?

    <p>393 K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical composition percentage range of silicon dioxide (SiO2) in Portland cement?

    <p>20-25%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key property of the mixture of plaster of Paris when mixed with water?

    <p>It forms a hard solid in 5 to 15 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is essential for the proper quality of cement regarding the silica to alumina ratio?

    <p>2.5 to 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a use of calcium carbonate?

    <p>Fertilizer in agriculture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary raw materials used in the manufacture of Portland cement?

    <p>Limestone and clay</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which calcium compound is added to cement to control its setting time?

    <p>Calcium sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction between calcium hydroxide and excess carbon dioxide?

    <p>Calcium hydrogencarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is formed after heating gypsum without water of crystallization?

    <p>Anhydrous calcium sulfate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does magnesium play in enzymatic reactions involving ATP?

    <p>Acts as a cofactor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary pigment responsible for light absorption in plants?

    <p>Chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is NOT involved in the regulation of plasma calcium concentration?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical amount of calcium being solubilized and redeposited in bones daily?

    <p>400 mg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic property makes superoxides like KO2 paramagnetic?

    <p>Presence of an unpaired electron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following oxo-acids is represented by H2CO3?

    <p>Carbonic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about hydrogen carbonates (MHCO3) is true?

    <p>They are highly stable to heat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color are pure oxides and peroxides, and how do superoxides differ?

    <p>Colorless; superoxides are yellow or orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following salts do alkali metals NOT form with oxo-acids?

    <p>Salts of phosphoric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor affects the thermal stability of lithium carbonate compared to other alkali metal carbonates?

    <p>Size and electronegativity of the metal cation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reactions indicates the formation of OH- ions from metal oxides?

    <p>M2O + H2O → 2M+ + 2 OH–</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chemical species is formed in the decomposition of lithium carbonate upon heating?

    <p>Li2O and CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    S-Block Elements

    • The s-block elements are those in Group 1 (alkali metals) and Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) of the Periodic Table.
    • Alkali metals (Group 1) include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, and francium.
    • Alkaline earth metals (Group 2) include beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium.
    • The s-block elements are highly reactive, mostly found in compounds, and often have low melting and boiling points.

    Alkali Metals

    • The alkali metals have a general electronic configuration of [noble gas]ns¹, indicating one valence electron.
    • Reactivity increases down the group.
    • Atomic and ionic radii increase down the group.
    • Ionization enthalpy decreases down the group.
    • Hydration enthalpy decreases down the group.
    • Lithium exhibits anomalous properties compared to other alkali metals due to its small size.

    Alkaline Earth Metals

    • The alkaline earth metals have a general electronic configuration of [noble gas]ns², indicating two valence electrons.
    • Reactivity increases down the group.
    • Atomic and ionic radii increase down the group.
    • Ionization enthalpy decreases down the group, but the second ionization enthalpy is relatively high compared to the alkali metals and decreases smoothly down the group.
    • Hydration enthalpy decreases down the group, but is higher than the corresponding alkali metal.
    • Beryllium exhibits anomalous properties compared to other alkaline earth metals due to its small size and higher charge density.

    Important Compounds

    • Important compounds of sodium include sodium carbonate (washing soda), sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), and sodium chloride (common salt).
    • Important compounds of calcium include calcium oxide (quicklime), calcium hydroxide (slaked lime), calcium carbonate, and calcium sulphate.
    • These compounds are essential for various industrial, chemical, and biological processes.

    Chemical Properties

    • Alkali and alkaline earth metals react with water to form hydroxides and release hydrogen gas.
    • Alkali metals react vigorously with halogens and form ionic halides.
    • Reactivity increases down the group in both alkali and alkaline earth metals.

    Biological Importance

    • Sodium and potassium ions are crucial for nerve impulse transmission, water balance, and other biological functions.
    • Magnesium and calcium ions are vital for enzyme activation, bone formation, muscle contraction, and maintaining homeostasis.

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    Related Documents

    The s-Block Elements PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the essential concepts of s-block elements in the periodic table, focusing on both alkali and alkaline earth metals. You'll explore their properties, reactivity trends, and unique characteristics, such as those of lithium. Test your knowledge on these fundamental aspects of chemistry!

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