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Questions and Answers

Quel protocole de la couche liaison est le plus adapté pour les messages courts périodiques ?

  • LLC2
  • LLC4
  • LLC3
  • LLC1 (correct)

    • Quelles sont les propriétés importantes de la couche physique ?

  • La couleur des câbles
  • Le type de réseau social
  • La résistance aux attaques (correct)
  • Le taux de transmission (correct)

    • Quelle topologie est représentée par un seul câble avec des terminators à chaque extrémité ?

  • Topologie étoile
  • Topologie maillée
  • Topologie bus (correct)
  • Topologie anneau

    • Quel type de support physique est recommandé dans une ambiance perturbée ?

    <p>Coaxial épais</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel problème se pose lorsque plusieurs bus sont connectés dans un seul réseau ?

    <p>Problème des domaines de collision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelle exigence technique est plus élevée dans un environnement industriel par rapport à un bureau ?

    <p>La protection des branchements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel type de protocole est LLC2 dans la couche liaison ?

    <p>Avec connexion et avec acquittement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel type de fibre est utilisé pour minimiser les perturbations des champs électromagnétiques ?

    <p>Fibre optique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quels sont les besoins spécifiques des réseaux locaux industriels dans un environnement industriel?

    <p>Sécurité de transmission et gestion des données</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelle est l'importance de la sécurité dans la transmission de données pour les RLI?

    <p>Elle prévient les erreurs détectées par les capteurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelle fonction est assignée à la sous-couche LLC dans un réseau local industriel?

    <p>Assurer le contrôle d'accès au support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Comment le modèle OSI contribue-t-il aux réseaux locaux industriels?

    <p>Il établit des normes pour l'interconnexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel rôle joue un contrôleur de cellule dans un réseau local industriel?

    <p>Il gère les tâches et commandes numériques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelles perturbations doivent être évitée au niveau physique dans un RLI?

    <p>Perturbations majeures compromettant la production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel aspect est essentiel à la performance des moyens de communication dans un RLI?

    <p>Le débit qui répond aux besoins de chaque niveau</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelle est une caractéristique de la couche application dans le modèle OSI?

    <p>Elle permet l'interface et le contrôle nécessaires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est le rôle principal d'un codeur de source ?

    <p>Représenter la sortie d'une source en une séquence binaire de manière économique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pourquoi utilise-t-on le codage en bande de base dans les réseaux industriels ?

    <p>Pour minimiser les interférences et assurer la fiabilité</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est l'objectif du Bit Stuffing ?

    <p>Sécuriser la transmission des messages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qu'est-ce qui caractérise un réseau déterministe ?

    <p>Il n'y a pas d'aléatoire dans l'accès au médium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quelle est la fonction principale de la sous-couche LLC ?

    <p>Fournir des garanties de livraison et de reprise sur erreur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Qu'est-ce qu'un SAP en matière de sous-couche LLC ?

    <p>Un point d'accès à la couche application</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quel est l'avantage d'utiliser la méthode Manchester dans la transmission ?

    <p>Elle garantit la synchronisation en minimisant les silences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pourquoi est-il nécessaire de hiérarchiser l'accès aux données dans un réseau ?

    <p>Pour transporter en priorité les informations critiques</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction to Industrial Local Networks

    • Course: Industrial Engineering & Logistics 2
    • Instructor: Pr. ZBAKH Douae
    • University: Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi
    • Institution: ENSA de Tanger

    Chapter II: Industrial Local Networks - Industrial Environment

    • Focuses on industrial local networks (RLI)
    • The industrial environment presents specific needs for RLI
    • Key requirement: Reliable and fast data transmission during manufacturing processes

    Plan

    • Global Requirement
    • Physical Aspects
    • MAC Sublayer
    • LLC Sublayer

    Global Requirements: Introduction

    • Industrial environments necessitate specific requirements for RLI
    • Manufacturing processes require fast and error-free program uploads to programmable automation devices.
    • Data transmission must be secure.

    Global Requirements: Introduction (continued)

    • Data transmission security is paramount.
    • A process for error detection in data transmission is implemented by sensors.
    • Data is transmitted securely to prevent data loss or corruption.

    Global Requirements: Introduction (continued)

    • Task management is crucial in industrial environments
    • A dedicated cell controller is needed to manage all tasks & numeric controls.

    Global Requirements: Introduction (continued)

    • Supervision is vital for continuous production
    • Disturbances in the physical environment must be avoided
    • The production chain’s proper functioning must be ensured

    Global Requirements: Introduction Diagram

    • Usine (Factory): Non-critical transmission time (Tr)
    • Atelier (Workshop): Tr < 1 second
    • Terrain (Field): Tr < 0.01 second

    Global Requirements: OSI and RLI

    • Presentation of the OSI model
    • Each layer adds its header to the data.

    Global Requirements: OSI and RLI (Continued)

    • Functions of each layer in the OSI model
    • Application: Interface with applications
    • Presentation: Data representation
    • Session: Data synchronization
    • Transport: Connection
    • Network: Routing & delivery
    • Data link: Frame building
    • Physical: Bit encoding

    Global Requirements: OSI and RLI (Continued)

    • Reduced OSI model.
    • Shows the connection between OSI layers and RLI layers.
    • Key layers: Application, Data Link, Physical

    Global Requirements: OSI and RLI (Continued)

    • Functions of the application layer of the OSI model: Implementation of applications, control, and necessary interfaces for communication.
    • Data link layer: Error correction, reliable communication
    • Three types of LLC protocols: LLC1 (connectionless, acknowledgment-less), LLC2 (connection-oriented, acknowledgment-based), LLC3 (connectionless-acknowledgment-based)

    Physical Aspects

    • Topology types and their advantages and disadvantages are covered
    • (Star, Bus, Ring)
    • Important properties of physical layer include topology
    • Physical support types (copper, fiber optic, wireless)
    • Transmission rates, maximum length, number of nodes, and power supply.

    Physical Aspects: Topology Types

    • Covered topology types include star, bus, and ring.

    Physical Aspects: Topology (continued)

    • Star: Advantages include multiple parallel communications, simple wiring. Disadvantages include routing & varying signal path lengths.
    • Bus: Advantages include direct communication, no routing required. Disadvantages involve medium access control.
    • Ring: Advantages include simple cabling. Disadvantages include routing and varying signal path lengths, different path lengths.

    Physical Aspects: Topology Examples

    • Diagrams showing bus and star architectures, ring as well.

    Physical Aspects: Topology Problems

    • Network collision issues in bus topologies. This happens when multiple nodes attempt to transmit data simultaneously on a shared physical line.

    Physical Aspects: Transmission Support

    • Different transmission mediums: copper, fiber optic, and wireless media. Their advantages and disadvantages are summarized.

    Physical Aspects: Transmission Support (continued)

    • Copper: Low cost. Susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI).
    • Fiber Optic: High cost. Less susceptible to EMI. Higher bandwidth (capacity).
    • Wireless: Good mobility & flexibility, highly susceptible to interference.

    Physical Aspects: Transmission Support

    • Coaxial cable types are discussed.
    • Thin coaxial: Used with 10Base2 protocol.
    • Thick coaxial: Used with 10Base5 protocol, less susceptible to EMI.

    Physical Aspects: Transmission Support (continued)

    • Fiber optic cables: A preferred choice in environments with high electromagnetic interference

    Physical Aspects: Transmission Support (continued)

    • Twisted-pair cables: Advantages & disadvantages
    • Types of twisted pair cabling: UTP (unshielded), FTP (foiled), SFTP (shielded foiled twisted pair), & STP (shielded) cables.

    Physical Aspects: Transmission Support (continued)

    • Industrial cables are reinforced based on conditions encountered(heat, chemicals, etc).
    • Examples of reinforced cables are shown.

    Physical Aspects: Transmission Support (continued)

    • Industrial networking requires additional protection. Network interfaces and connections must be protected from harsh environmental conditions and interference.

    Physical Aspects: Encoding

    • Need for transmission channel and reliability method
    • Methods to minimize transmission errors: Limiting bandwidth to reduce interference and using band-based encoding techniques.

    Physical Aspects: Encoding

    • Source encoder's task: Encode the source output into binary sequence, achieving efficiency.
    • Channel encoder's task: Ensure faithful reproduction of the binary sequence through noisy channels, mitigating interference.

    Physical Aspects: Encoding (continued)

    • Bit Stuffing: Used to ensure the reliability of messages in a transmission

    Physical Aspects: Encoding (continued)

    • Manchester encoding: Guarantees synchronisation between sender and receiver to minimise signal gaps. Ensures consistent signal transmission

    Physical Aspects: Encoding Diagrams

    • Diagrams illustrating Bit Stuffing and Manchester II encoding schemes
    • Real-time capabilities: Transmission within a precise, known time frame.
    • Deterministic networks: Networks without random delays in data access methods are deterministic.
    • Prioritized and hierarchical access is necessary. Priority is given to critical information during transmissions in industrial environments.
    • Master/Slave mechanism: Master device initiates communication with slave devices.
    • Master/slave method: Details this communication mechanism.
    • Token Passing algorithm: Uses a token to define who is allowed to transmit on the network at any given time. This transmission method avoids collisions unlike the master/slave method
    • LLC layer provides services between the MAC sublayer and the application layer.
    • Guarantees message delivery, error detection, and recovery.

    LLC Sublayer (continued)

    • SAP (Service Access Point) is each point of access that facilitates application layer access to data link services.

    LLC sublayer (continued)

    • The LLC1 service only supports commands for transmitting data.

    LLC sublayer (continued)

    • The LLC2 service supports functions of establishing, maintaining and ending connection as well as handling data transmission.

    LLC sublayer (continued)

    • The LLC3 service is a connectionless protocol that supports acknowledgment of transmission

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