Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a common symptom of depression related to sleep disturbances?
Which of the following is a common symptom of depression related to sleep disturbances?
In Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which component of personality focuses on the reality principle?
In Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which component of personality focuses on the reality principle?
What is the purpose of using the coping strategy 'Seek help when needed'?
What is the purpose of using the coping strategy 'Seek help when needed'?
Which of Freud's defense mechanisms involves redirecting unacceptable urges to other people or objects?
Which of Freud's defense mechanisms involves redirecting unacceptable urges to other people or objects?
Signup and view all the answers
What is indicated by feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt nearly every day in individuals experiencing depression?
What is indicated by feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt nearly every day in individuals experiencing depression?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for instinctive and autonomic behavior?
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for instinctive and autonomic behavior?
Signup and view all the answers
Which strategy promotes emotional growth by helping individuals understand and accept their feelings?
Which strategy promotes emotional growth by helping individuals understand and accept their feelings?
Signup and view all the answers
The primary role of the medulla in the brain is to control which of the following?
The primary role of the medulla in the brain is to control which of the following?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a primary mental health concern in adolescence?
Which of the following is a primary mental health concern in adolescence?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'self-injury' refer to in the context of mental health issues?
What does 'self-injury' refer to in the context of mental health issues?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following character strengths can enhance psychological well-being?
Which of the following character strengths can enhance psychological well-being?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a source of support for mental health?
Which of the following is NOT a source of support for mental health?
Signup and view all the answers
What are risky sexual behaviors typically associated with in adolescence?
What are risky sexual behaviors typically associated with in adolescence?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for regulating posture and balance?
Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for regulating posture and balance?
Signup and view all the answers
Which strategy is essential in problem-solving skills?
Which strategy is essential in problem-solving skills?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of the hypothalamus?
What is the main function of the hypothalamus?
Signup and view all the answers
What does emotional intelligence encompass in the context of socio-emotional challenges?
What does emotional intelligence encompass in the context of socio-emotional challenges?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following describes 'associative thinking'?
Which of the following describes 'associative thinking'?
Signup and view all the answers
Which thinking style is associated with being imaginative and creative according to Whole Brain Theory?
Which thinking style is associated with being imaginative and creative according to Whole Brain Theory?
Signup and view all the answers
The left hemisphere of the brain is associated with which type of functions?
The left hemisphere of the brain is associated with which type of functions?
Signup and view all the answers
What role do the cerebral peduncles have in brain function?
What role do the cerebral peduncles have in brain function?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the brain acts as the 'master gland' controlling the endocrine system?
Which part of the brain acts as the 'master gland' controlling the endocrine system?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the reticular activating system primarily regulate?
What does the reticular activating system primarily regulate?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a recognized thinking style in the Whole Brain Theory?
Which of the following is NOT a recognized thinking style in the Whole Brain Theory?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Eight Types of Challenges for Adolescents
- Self-Esteem: A person's subjective evaluation of their own worth.
- Physical Appearance: Teenagers are highly self-conscious about their physical appearance, as it's often the first thing noticed by others.
- Group Belongingness: Adolescents feel a strong need to belong to a group and fit in.
- Relationships: Developing emotionally mature and rational thought and behavior is crucial for healthy relationships.
- Sexuality and Sexual Relationships: Hormones become active during adolescence, leading to a strong sexual drive.
- Academic Concerns: Other factors can distract adolescents from fulfilling academic obligations.
- Choosing the Right Career Path: Career choices significantly impact future paths and academic choices.
- Socio-Emotional Challenges: Both male and female adolescents experience psychological challenges during this period.
Major Challenges
-
Family:
- Quest for independence
- High expectations
- Making career choices
- Relationship issues
-
School:
- Relationship issues
-
Peers:
- Peer pressure
- Peer conflict
Pitfalls of Adolescents
- Using and Abusing Drugs: Often influenced by peer pressure, starting with alcohol and progressing to cigarettes.
- Being Addicted to Computer Games: Creating a virtual world to cope with feelings and emotions.
- Running Away from Home: A reaction from parents, a desire to escape unhappiness, or a way to get what they want.
Being Sexually Promiscuous
- Heightened sexual desire.
- Hormonal changes
- Many teenagers are affected by HIV (DOH, 2014)
Becoming a Teenage Parent
- Low education.
- Low income.
- Lacking rights.
- Intergenerational cycles of poverty and ill-health.
Depression
- High rates of depression are often linked to heightened adolescent emotional intensity.
Depression Symptoms (DSM-5)
- Depressed mood most of the day.
- Significantly diminished interest or pleasure.
- Significant weight loss/gain or appetite changes.
- Insomnia or hypersomnia (excessive sleep or lack of sleep).
- Psychomotor agitation or retardation.
- Fatigue or loss of energy.
- Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt.
- Diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness.
- Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.
Strategies to Cope
- Accepting feelings.
- Identifying vulnerabilities.
- Developing talents/interests.
- Building relationships with others.
- Seeking help when needed.
Freud's Psychoanalytic Theory
-
Three Levels of Awareness:
- Conscious: things we are aware of.
- Subconscious/Preconscious: easily retrieved information.
- Unconscious: repressed drives and instincts.
-
Three Provinces of the Mind:
- Id: present from birth, seeking immediate gratification.
- Ego: responsible for dealing with reality.
- Superego: internalized moral standards and ideals.
Freud's Defense Mechanisms
- Repression: Forcing negative feelings into the unconscious.
- Reaction Formation: Adopting opposite behaviors to unacceptable feelings.
- Displacement: Redirecting unacceptable urges to other people or objects.
- Regression: Reverting to earlier, safer behaviors.
- Projection: Attributing unwanted thoughts or feelings to others.
- Sublimation: Channeling negative urges into socially acceptable actions.
Brain
- Has unique systems like working memory.
Basic Understanding of the Brain and its Functions
-
Hindbrain: Responsible for instinctive and autonomic behaviors.
- Medulla: Controls vital functions like heart rate, respiration, and digestion.
- Cerebellum: Regulates posture, balance, and coordination
- Pons: Links medulla and other brain areas, regulating movement, sleep, and arousal.
- Reticular Activating System: Controls attention, movement, sleep, wakefulness, and reflexes.
- Medulla: Controls vital functions like heart rate, respiration, and digestion.
-
Forebrain: Responsible for intellectual activity and consciousness.
- Cerebrum: The "executive center" of the brain involved in language and thinking.
- Thalamus: Relays sensory information.
- Hypothalamus: Controls physiological functions (e.g., temperature, hunger, thirst).
- Corpus Callosum: Connects two brain hemispheres.
- Pituitary Gland: "Master gland" controlling the endocrine system.
- Cerebrum: The "executive center" of the brain involved in language and thinking.
Lateralization of the Brain
- Localization of specific brain functions to one side of the body.
- Left hemisphere: Controls logical and intellectual functions (e.g., language, reasoning).
- Right hemisphere: Handles creative, intuitive, and emotional functions (e.g., creativity, awareness, imagination).
Whole Brain Theory
- Identifies four thinking styles:
- Analytical
- Practical
- Relational
- Experimental
Mind Mapping
- Graphic method to explore ideas by enhancing brain activity visually and spatially.
Mental Health and Well-being in Middle & Late Adolescence
-
Disorders and Concerns:
- Depression
- Suicide
- Anxiety
- Conduct disorders(behaviors that harm others)
What to Eat?
- Calcium and Vitamin B2 in Milk: Soothes anxiety/restlessness.
- Banana: Serotonin (happy hormone) & Potassium (reduces tension).
- Sweet Potato: Vitamin D supports nervous system activities.
- Cereals: Vitamin B Complex & fiber for digestion.
- Avocado: Potassium & Vitamin E for calming.
- Coffee and Chocolate: Can exacerbate stress.
Eating Disorders
- Anorexia Nervosa: Starving on purpose.
- Bulimia Nervosa: Binge eating followed by purging.
Strategies to Cope with Stress
- Problem-focused: Addressing problems directly.
- Emotion-focused: Dealing with emotions surrounding problems.
Problem-solving Skills
- Identify the problem
- Brainstorm solutions
- Evaluate pros and cons
- Choose the best option
- Create backup plans
Psychological Resilience - coping with stress
Cognitive, Emotional and Physical Symptoms of Stress
Describes various symptoms of mental distress
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
