Rutherford's Atomic Model Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is primarily concentrated in the nucleus of an atom?

  • Alpha particles
  • Neutrons and protons (correct)
  • Electrons
  • Empty space

Rutherford's model successfully explained the stability of the atom.

False (B)

What did Rutherford conclude about the structure of the atom?

The atom is primarily empty space with a dense nucleus containing protons and neutrons.

The electrons revolve around the nucleus in fixed paths called _____ or shells.

<p>orbits</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following components of Rutherford's atomic model with their descriptions:

<p>Nucleus = Contains protons and neutrons, responsible for mass Electrons = Revolve around the nucleus in fixed paths Empty space = Volume of the atom Proton = Positively charged particle in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the issue with Rutherford's model?

<p>It fails to explain atomic stability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Electrons and protons have charges that are equal and opposite.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an electron as it rotates around the nucleus according to electromagnetic theory?

<p>It emits radiation, losing energy, and may spiral into the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Rutherford's Atomic Model: Empty Space

Most of the atom is empty space because most alpha particles pass through it.

Rutherford's Atomic Model: Nucleus

The positive charge and mass of an atom are concentrated in a tiny, dense region called the nucleus.

Rutherford's Atomic Model: Electron Orbit

Electrons orbit the nucleus like planets around the sun, existing at a significant distance from the nucleus.

Rutherford's Model: Nucleus Components

The nucleus contains protons and neutrons, accounting for almost all of the atom's mass.

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Rutherford's Model: Extra-Nuclear Part

The space outside the nucleus is where electrons orbit in fixed paths called orbits or shells.

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Rutherford's Model: Atom Neutrality

Atoms are electrically neutral because they have an equal number of positively charged protons and negatively charged electrons.

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Rutherford's Model: Charges

Protons and electrons have equal but opposite electrical charges.

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Rutherford's Model: Drawback 1

Rutherford's model failed to explain why electrons don't spiral into the nucleus due to energy loss from radiation.

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Study Notes

Rutherford's Atomic Model

  • Rutherford's model proposes an atom with a central, positively charged nucleus, containing most of the atom's mass.
  • Electrons orbit the nucleus, similar to planets orbiting the sun.
  • Most of the atom is empty space.

Nucleus

  • The nucleus is small, positively charged, and contains nearly all the atom's mass.
  • The nucleus contains protons and neutrons.

Extra Nuclear Part

  • The empty space surrounding the nucleus is where electrons reside.
  • Electrons orbit the nucleus in specific paths (shells or orbits).
  • Electrons move at high speeds.

Drawbacks of Rutherford's Model

  • The model fails to explain the stability of an atom.
  • According to electromagnetic theory, orbiting electrons should continuously lose energy and spiral into the nucleus.
  • Observation of emission spectra (discontinuous line spectra) contradicts the predicted continuous spectrum from orbiting electrons.

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