Rutherford and Atomic Structure

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What was a significant contribution of Ernest Rutherford to the field of atomic science?

The discovery of gamma radiation as a form of radioactive decay.

The development of a detailed model of the atomic nucleus. (correct)

The introduction of chemical bonding theories to explain atomic interactions.

The identification of electrons as the primary building blocks of atoms.

Which of the following correctly describes the instrument used by Rutherford in his experiments?

A sealed tube that employs electrodes to examine radioactivity. (correct)

A prism designed to separate different wavelengths of radiation.

A calorimeter used to measure the heat produced in radioactive decay.

A spectrometer that analyzes the mass of alpha particles.

What element did Rutherford successfully convert into another through his transmutation experiments?

Nitrogen into Oxygen. (correct)

Carbon into Helium.

Oxygen into Nitrogen.

Hydrogen into Lithium.

Which type of radiation is characterized as positively charged and relatively heavy?

Alpha particles. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Rutherfold's discoveries, what does the term 'radioactivity' refer to?

The phenomenon of atoms emitting energy and particles spontaneously. Signup and view all the answers

What was a key observation from Rutherford's gold foil experiment?

Most particles passed straight through the foil. Signup and view all the answers

What conclusion did Rutherford draw about the structure of the atom?

The atom has a dense, positively charged center called the nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

In the experimental setup, how were the positively charged particles represented?

By colored balls in a pinball-like apparatus. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the behavior of some of the particles during the experiment?

Some particles were deflected at various angles. Signup and view all the answers

What did the results of Rutherford's experiment suggest about the arrangement of electrons?

Electrons orbit the nucleus at varying distances. Signup and view all the answers

What key conclusion did Rutherford make about the structure of the atom after his experiments?

Atoms consist mainly of empty space with a small dense nucleus. Signup and view all the answers

Which model of the atom did Rutherford's findings challenge?

The plum pudding model. Signup and view all the answers

What did Bohr introduce to the understanding of atomic structure?

Electrons have fixed energy levels or shells. Signup and view all the answers

Which discovery is attributed to Rutherford from his research?

The existence of the atomic nucleus and proton. Signup and view all the answers

What did Rutherford use in his experiments to probe the structure of the atom?

Alpha particles. Signup and view all the answers

How did Rutherford describe the atom in his 1911 model?

Like a miniature solar system with orbiting electrons. Signup and view all the answers

Which synthetic element is named after Ernest Rutherford?

Rutherfordium. Signup and view all the answers

Which particle was identified as the building block of all elements by Rutherford?

Proton. Signup and view all the answers

What key aspect of atomic structure did Niels Bohr contribute to in 1913?

The concept of electrons residing in fixed, quantized energy levels Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes Rutherford's experiment with gold foil?

It revealed the structure of the atom as mostly empty space. Signup and view all the answers

What did Rutherford and his team discover when light elements were bombarded with alpha particles?

The existence of hydrogen nuclei, later identified as protons. Signup and view all the answers

What significant conclusion did Rutherford's work lead to regarding atomic structure?

Atoms are not indestructible. Signup and view all the answers

Which particle was proposed by Rutherford to exist alongside protons within the nucleus?

The neutron Signup and view all the answers

In what year did James Chadwick identify the neutron?

1932 Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of John Dalton's atomic theory did Rutherford's findings contradict?

Atoms cannot be created or destroyed. Signup and view all the answers

What element was named in honor of Rutherford for his contributions to the field of science?

Rutherfordium Signup and view all the answers