Rutas Anabólicas y Ciclo de Krebs

Study Notes

Anabolic Pathways

Anabolic pathways are biosynthetic pathways that build complex molecules from simpler ones.
They generally require energy input, often in the form of ATP.
Examples include protein synthesis, DNA replication, and the synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids.
They are crucial for growth, repair, and maintenance of the organism.
Anabolic pathways are often regulated to maintain homeostasis.

Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

The Krebs cycle is a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that occur in the mitochondrial matrix.
It is the central metabolic pathway for oxidizing acetyl-CoA derived from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
The cycle generates reducing equivalents (NADH and FADH2), ATP, and intermediates for other metabolic pathways.
It's a crucial part of cellular respiration, providing energy and building blocks.
Key products include CO2, ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
The cycle regenerates the starting molecule, oxaloacetate, allowing for continuous operation.
The cycle starts and ends with the 4-carbon molecule oxaloacetate.

Oxidative Phosphorylation

This is a metabolic pathway where energy from the oxidation of NADH and FADH2 is used to generate ATP.
It occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
The process involves a series of redox reactions, generating a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Electron transport chains are a key part of this process.
Oxidative phosphorylation accounts for most of the ATP synthesis in aerobic organisms.

Electron Transport Chain

The electron transport chain (ETC) is a series of protein complexes embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
It uses the electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 to pump protons (H+) across the membrane, creating a proton gradient.
This gradient drives ATP synthase, an enzyme that generates ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
The final electron acceptor in the chain is oxygen, forming water.
The ETC is essential for efficient energy extraction from nutrients.
The complexes in the ETC transfer electrons stepwise through different redox couples generating energy.
The flow of electrons along the chain is exergonic, releasing energy that drives protons across the membrane.

Description

Este cuestionario explora las rutas anabólicas y el ciclo de Krebs. Aprenderás sobre la síntesis de proteínas, la replicación del ADN y la importancia del ciclo para la respiración celular. También se discutirán los productos clave y su papel en el metabolismo celular.