Russian Revolution: Causes and Effects
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Questions and Answers

What was the result of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk signed between Russia and Germany in 1918?

  • The treaty led to an immediate end to World War I.
  • The treaty unified the Russian people under the Bolshevik government.
  • Russia surrendered a large territory to Germany and its allies. (correct)
  • Russia gained a large territory from Germany and its allies.

    • Who formed the White Army and fought against the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War?

  • The American troops and other forces sent to aid the Russian people against the Bolsheviks.
  • Groups who supported continued rule by the czar, those seeking a democratic government, and socialists opposed to Lenin's socialism. (correct)
  • Russian revolutionaries who opposed the Bolshevik ideology and their governance.
  • Supporters of the German government and their allies who sought to control Russian territory.

    • How did Leon Trotsky, the revolutionary leader, contribute to the Russian Civil War?

  • Trotsky advocated for a peaceful transition of power from the czarist regime to a democratic government.
  • Trotsky expertly commanded the Bolshevik Red Army during the conflict against the White Army. (correct)
  • He negotiated the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany, which led to the start of the civil war.
  • Trotsky led the White Army in their fight against the Bolsheviks to restore the czar.

    • What was the role of Western nations, including the U.S., in the Russian Civil War?

    <p>They sent military aid and forces to Russia to help the White Army, but their assistance had limited impact. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant impact did the Russian Civil War leave on the country?

    <p>It left Russia weakened and in chaos, suffering from widespread destruction, hunger, and a devastating flu epidemic. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key difference distinguished the Russian Revolution from the American Revolution?

    <p>The American Revolution replaced an existing monarchy with a democratic republic, while the Russian Revolution established a communist dictatorship. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Lenin's primary goal after the Bolsheviks won the Civil War?

    <p>Reviving the Russian economy and rebuilding the government after the war and revolution. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did trade come to a standstill, industrial production decline, and skilled workers flee Russia after the war and revolution?

    <p>The war and revolution caused widespread destruction, disrupted infrastructure, and created uncertainty in the economy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event provoked a wave of strikes across Russia in 1905?

    <p>The petition for better working conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Duma intended to be?

    <p>Russia's first parliament (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one significant consequence of Russia's involvement in World War I?

    <p>Exposing weaknesses of czarist rule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role did Rasputin play in the Russian government?

    <p>He served as the chief adviser to Czarina Alexandra (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to the murder of Rasputin by a group of nobles?

    <p>His influence over political decisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary purpose of the strikers in Russia during the rapid industrialization?

    <p>To improve working conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group was considered the moderate faction among Russian Marxists?

    <p>Mensheviks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major event occurred in Russia on January 22, 1905?

    <p>Bloody Sunday (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Bolsheviks believe in regarding the revolution?

    <p>It should be led by a small group of revolutionaries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the major leader of the Bolsheviks?

    <p>Vladimir Lenin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggered unrest and revolted workers during the Russo-Japanese War?

    <p>Repeated Russian losses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the consequences of rapid industrialization in Russia?

    <p>Poor working conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the goal of the Russian Marxists regarding the czar?

    <p>To overthrow the czar (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What event forced Nicholas II to step down from the throne?

    <p>The March Revolution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason for the discontent that led to the March Revolution?

    <p>Inflated prices and shortages of basic goods (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who led the provisional government established after the March Revolution?

    <p>Alexander Kerensky (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Lenin's slogan that gained appeal during the Bolshevik Revolution?

    <p>Peace, Land, and Bread (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action did Lenin take regarding farmland after the Bolshevik Revolution?

    <p>He distributed it to the peasants (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of the Soviets during the political upheaval in Russia?

    <p>To represent workers, peasants, and soldiers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Bolshevik Red Guards do during the revolution?

    <p>Stormed the Winter Palace and arrested provisional leaders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group was thought to be supported by the Germans to destabilize Russia?

    <p>The Bolsheviks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What led to unrest during industrialization in Russia?

    <p>Overcrowded cities and worsening living conditions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary consequence of Kerensky’s decision to continue fighting World War I?

    <p>Loss of support from the Russian people (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What challenge did Lenin and the Bolsheviks face immediately after the revolution?

    <p>Opposition from various factions and economic collapse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did World War I contribute to the March Revolution?

    <p>By exacerbating economic issues and military failures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What resulted from the March Revolution that facilitated the Bolshevik Revolution?

    <p>A power vacuum and unresolved societal issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Brest-Litovsk treaty for European countries?

    <p>Loss of territory for Russia to various European countries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy did the Communist government use to prevent nationalism from undermining their authority?

    <p>Implementing policies of central control and integration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    By 1928, what was Stalin's position within the Communist Party?

    <p>Total command as a dictator (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major factor contributing to the Russian Revolution, according to the content?

    <p>The hardships endured by the Russian people during World War I (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a characteristic of the policies implemented by the Communist government in Russia?

    <p>Allowing for diverse political views and practices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group was NOT involved in the White Army's struggle against the Bolsheviks?

    <p>Bolshevik supporters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason that the Bolshevik party changed its name to the Communist Party?

    <p>To emphasize their commitment to creating a classless society (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant factor contributing to Czar Nicholas II's decline in popularity?

    <p>His refusal to address the growing needs and concerns of citizens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action did Czar Nicholas II take in World War I that ultimately worsened his situation?

    <p>He took personal command of the Russian army, leading to further detachment from national problems (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major event that the text points to as the key factor leading to the downfall of the czar?

    <p>The February Revolution of 1917, which led to Czar Nicholas's abdication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main strategy used by the Communist government to control nationalism in Russia?

    <p>Promoting a shared Soviet identity and suppressing regional nationalist movements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Russian Revolution

    • Revolution started in 1917, signifying a major change in social, political, and economic structures.
    • Early revolutionary activities set the stage for the revolution:
      • Social unrest from oppressive rule of 19th-century czars lasted for decades.
      • Army officers revolted in 1825.
      • Secret revolutionary groups plotted to overthrow the government.
      • Tsar Alexander II was assassinated in 1881 by revolutionaries due to slow political change.
    • Tsar resists change:
      • Alexander III succeeded his father in 1881 and stopped all reforms.
      • Followed principles of autocracy (Nicholas I).
        • Autocracy: a form of government where the ruler has absolute power.
      • Suppressed dissent, dissenters were persecuted, and their worship or speaking languages other than Russian was considered dangerous.
      • Strict censorship of published materials.
      • Teachers reported on students.
      • Political prisoners were sent to Siberia.
      • Forced Russian as the official language to establish uniform Russian culture.
      • Forbade minority languages like Polish in schools.
      • Persecuted Jewish people.
      • Organized violence against Jews ("pogroms") and destruction of Jewish areas.
      • Nicholas II, Alexander III's son, continued autocracy despite changing conditions.

    Russia Industrializes

    • Number of factories doubled.
    • Nicholas II's government sought foreign investment and raised taxes, leading to growth of heavy industries (steel).
    • Trans-Siberian Railway built connecting western and eastern Russia.
    • Rapid industrialization caused problems like bad working conditions, low wages, and child labor.
    • Trade unions were outlawed.
    • Workers organized strikes.
    • Revolutionary movements grew and competed for influence.
    • Marxists split into two groups:
      • Moderate Mensheviks - wanted a broad revolution supported by diverse groups
      • Radical Bolsheviks - believed in revolution led by a small group.
      • Lenin, a major Bolshevik leader, fled Western Europe to escape arrest by the Russian government.

    Crises at Home and Abroad

    • Russo-Japanese War (1904-1917) increased unrest in Russia.
    • Russia faced a series of crises, and Russia was in competition with Japan to control Korea and Manchuria.
    • Bloody Sunday (1905): 200,000 workers petitioned Tsar Nicholas II for better working conditions, personal freedom, and an elected legislature.
      • Russian troops fired on the protesters.
      • Provoked widespread strikes and a wave of unrest across Russia.
      • Nicholas II promised more freedom.

    The Final Blow (WWI)

    • Russia unprepared for World War I (1914).
    • Faced immense military and economic costs.
    • Severe losses.
    • Russia was unprepared to handle the costs and loss of life.
    • Tsar Nicholas II was hesitant to share power, halting the duma.
    • Nicholas II abdicated, ending the Tsarist rule (March 1917).

    The March Revolution

    • Women textile workers in Petrograd started a citywide strike.
    • Riots flared due to shortages of bread and fuel.
    • Soldiers joined the protestors.
    • Tsar Nicholas II abdicated.
    • Provisional government (temporary government) was established, led by Alexander Kerensky.
    • Continued fighting in WWI which was unpopular.

    The Bolshevik Revolution

    • Lenin and the Bolsheviks gained control of Petrograd Soviets and other soviets.
    • "Peace, land, and bread" was a rallying cry.
    • Bolsheviks seized power in November 1917.
    • Provisional government was overthrown by the Bolshevik Red Guards.
    • Land was distributed to the peasants.
    • Factories were placed under worker control.
    • Russia pulled out of WWI.

    Civil War

    • Following the Bolshevik Revolution, a civil war erupted in Russia.
    • Bolsheviks (Red Army) vs. opponents (White Army).
    • Foreign countries provided the White Army with assistance but not enough to stop the Red Army.
    • The Red Army defeated the White Army and won the civil war.
    • Russian Civil War was far more deadly than the earlier revolutions (14 million people died).

    Lenin Restores Order

    • War and revolution ruined Russia's economy.
    • Trade stopped, industrial production fell.
    • Skilled workers left the country.
    • Lenin instituted the New Economic Policy (NEP).
      • Allowed peasants to sell their produce.
      • Some private ownership of businesses was allowed.
    • Encouraged foreign investment, to help rebuild the economy.

    Stalin Becomes a Dictator

    • Lenin had a stroke in 1922 and died in 1924.
    • Led to competition for leadership of the communist party.
    • Joseph Stalin emerged as the new leader.
    • Stalin gained absolute power, and suppressed opposition through violence and paranoia.

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    Description

    Explore the intricate factors leading to the Russian Revolution of 1917, including the oppressive rule of the czars and early revolutionary activities. This quiz covers significant events, key figures, and the impact of autocratic governance. Test your knowledge on how social, political, and economic changes shaped this pivotal moment in history.

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