Russian Revolution and Fall of the Romanov Dynasty

Study Notes

In 1894, Nicholas II became Emperor of Imperial Russia, ruling from the Baltic Sea to the Black Sea Sea, with a population of 126 million people.
The country was inhabited by workers and peasants, while the Romanov and Rasputin families lived in luxury.
Russia had a long history of unrest against the system.
In 1905, the Tsar allowed the creation of a permanent State Duma due to a revolution. However, both the Tsar and the reformers were unwilling to compromise.
In 1914, the imperial Russia faced a new crisis due to World War I.
The war was a disaster for imperial Russia, with food shortages and economic instability inside the country.
The Tsar was responsible for the crisis, as he was now the military commander, and was unable to reform the government.
Rasputin, the German-born wife of the Tsar, was believed to have influenced the Tsarina and her family with her hypnotic and mystical powers.
In December 1916, Rasputin was killed by the Russian aristocrats, possibly with help from British agents.
In February 1917, thousands of women protested in St. Petersburg for International Women's Day and demanded bread and an end to the war.
The following day, workers and students joined the women, leading to violence and the collapse of the Tsarist government.
The Tsar and his family were forced to abdicate on March 2, ending 300 years of Romanov rule.
The new provisional government, led by the Duma, was formed but was soon challenged by the radical Petrograd Soviet, led by the Bolshevik Party.
The Soviet, under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, took power in October 1917, marking the beginning of the Soviet era in Russia.
Lenin introduced policies such as land redistribution and worker control, and the Soviets fought against the counter-revolutionary White Army.
Some elements within the White Army sought to restore the Tsar, but they were ultimately unsuccessful.
After abdicating, Nicholas II and his family were placed under house arrest in Tobolsk, Siberia.
In the summer of 1917, the family was moved to Yekaterinburg, where they were executed in July 1918.- In July 1918, as the White Army approached Qiyasar's city, the entire Bolshevik family - Lenin, his wife Krupskaya, their sons Aleksi and “Sasha,” and daughters Tamara, Maria, and Anastasia, along with four servants - gathered in a fortified house in Finland.
The Russian Civil War, one of the most destructive events of the twentieth century, resulted in the deaths of millions of soldiers and civilians, with nine million urban inhabitants also perishing.
By the end of 1921, the Bolsheviks, now under Lenin's leadership, had emerged victorious and began building a new socialist system.
The Soviet Union was established in 1922, emerging as a powerful global force following Germany's defeat in World War II.
Despite the brief hopes of democracy during the Russian Revolution in February, these aspirations were crushed by the Bolshevik October Revolution, leaving the path to future decades far removed from democratic ideals.
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Description

Explore the events leading to the Russian Revolution, the fall of the Romanov Dynasty, the rise of the Bolsheviks, and the establishment of the Soviet Union. Learn about key figures like Nicholas II, Rasputin, and Vladimir Lenin, as well as the impact of the Russian Civil War.