Questions and Answers
What existed before the Russian Empire/Kingdom and the Golden Horde?
Kievan Rus
What was the first civilization in Russia that was greatly influenced by the Byzantine Empire?
Kievan Rus
What happened to the Kievan Rus?
The state of Kievan Rus fell to the Mongols between 1237-1242 CE.
What did the Mongols establish in place of the Kievan Rus?
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Where did the Mongols settle after the fall of Kievan Rus?
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How did the Mongols rule the Golden Horde?
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What did the princes have to do for the Mongols?
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What is the title 'Grand Prince'?
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How did the Golden Horde affect the Russians negatively?
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How did the Mongols help bring the Russians to prominence?
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How did the ability to collect taxes benefit Muscovite Princes?
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What did the extra money the Muscovite Princes collected do for Moscow?
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How did the Muscovite Princes get rid of the Mongols?
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Who was Ivan III?
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How long did the Golden Horde rule Russia?
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What territory was the major city of Moscow located inside?
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What is Muscovy?
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What was the predecessor state of Muscovy?
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What was the predecessor state of The Tsardom of Muscovy?
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Who created the Russian Empire?
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List all the Russian states/provinces/empires in order.
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Study Notes
Kievan Rus and Mongol Invasion
- Kievan Rus was the first significant civilization in Russia, emerging around Kiev in 900 CE, influenced by the Byzantine Empire.
- The state fragmented due to the Mongol invasion (1237-1242 CE), leading to its decline and eventual destruction.
- The Mongols established the Khanate of the Golden Horde in place of Kievan Rus.
Golden Horde Settlement and Governance
- The Mongols settled in southern Europe and parts of modern-day Russia, preferring warmer climates over that of Kievan Rus.
- They ruled the Golden Horde from afar, allowing local Russian princes to maintain power while imposing a tribute system.
Role of Russian Princes
- Russian princes were required to collect tribute for the Mongols and recognize Mongol Khans as their rulers, ensuring their autonomy in exchange for loyalty.
- The Grand Prince was appointed by the Mongols among the Russian princes, signifying a hierarchical structure.
Impact on Russian Isolation and Prominence
- The Mongol rule cut off Russia from the Byzantine Empire and isolated it from the rest of Europe.
- Despite challenges, the Mongols unintentionally aided the rise of Muscovite Princes by designating them as Grand Princes and attacking common enemies of Russia.
- Muscovite Princes exploited their role to collect higher taxes than required by the Mongols, resulting in economic benefits.
Growth of Moscow
- Extra revenue collected by Muscovite Princes enabled the expansion of Moscow’s influence and population.
- Moscow became a key trading hub due to its advantageous geographical location near major rivers.
Decline of Mongol Power and Ivan III
- The Mongols’ influence weakened by the 1350s, opening opportunities for Muscovite Princes to challenge their dominance.
- Ivan III, the Grand Prince, led the defeat of the Golden Horde in 1480, consolidating Muscovite power and tripling territorial claims.
- He initiated the unification process of the Russian lands and declared sovereignty over all Russians.
Transition from Muscovy to Russian Empire
- The Golden Horde ruled from 1240 until 1480 before being expelled by Muscovite leaders.
- Muscovy, centered around Moscow, existed from the 1280s until 1547.
- Following Muscovy, the Tsardom of Muscovy emerged in 1547 with Ivan IV, lasting until 1721.
- Peter the Great transitioned the Tsardom of Russia into the Russian Empire in 1721, becoming its first emperor.
Overview of State Progression
- Muscovy (1283-1547): Ruled north of the Golden Horde, tribute system until Ivan III's victory.
- Tsardom of Muscovy (1547-1721): Transitioned under Ivan IV’s rule, modernizing and transforming the state.
- Russian Empire (1721-1917): Established by Peter the Great, signifying the formation of a vast empire.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the Russian Empire and its history from 1450 to 1750 with these flashcards. Learn about the Kievan Rus, its influence from the Byzantine Empire, and its eventual decline due to the Mongol invasion. Perfect for students studying Russian history.