Rural Development - Indian Economics

2/3rd

After 1969

National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development; 1982

<p>NABARD</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>production oriented</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regional Rural Bank</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>fill</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kudumbashree</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1995</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lending activities of SHGs by promoting thrift in small proportions by minimum contribution from each member of the SHGs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1960-2002</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the system whereby all dairy farmers can pool in their milk produce according to different grade based on quality, which in turn will be processed and marketed to urban centers through milk co-operative societies (Started in 1966).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Horticulture has been defined as the cultivation of plants, mainly for food, materials, comfort, and beauty. According to American horticulturist Liberty Hyde Bailey, &quot;Horticulture is the growing of flowers, fruits, and vegetables, and plants for ornament and fancy.&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Horticulture</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1991-2003</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crops cultivated during Rainy season (Rice, maize and cotton are major kharif crops in India.)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crops cultivated during dry season especially the winter and spring season. (The major rabi crop in India is wheat, barley, mustard, sesame and peas)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rural development is a comprehensive term that focuses on the action plan for the development of those areas that are lagging behind in overall socio-economic development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infrastructure development in terms of providing electricity, irrigation, credit and marketing facilities, transport facilities, agriculture research etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mahatma Gandhi once remarked the real progress of India did not mean the growth and expansion of industrial urban centers but mainly the development of villages. This is because the majority of the poor people live in rural areas where they are deprived of even basic necessities of life.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After the introduction of the economic reform policies in 1991 and subsequent fall in the public sector investment in the agriculture infrastructure, the growth rate of the agriculture sector has declined to 2.3% per annum in the subsequent years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The growth of the rural economy depends on the availability of rural credit facilities. Availability of capital at an affordable rate is essential for higher productivity in the agriculture and non-agriculture sectors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Money lenders and traders often exploit the farmers and agriculture laborers in the absence of formal rural credit facilities by; lending at high rates of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>After the year 1969 India has adopted social banking and multi-agency approach to facilitate the rural credit. In 1982 NABARD was set up as an apex institution to co-ordinate the activities of the institutions involved in the rural financing system. Since the introduction of the Green Revolution, production-oriented credit facilities have been given emphasis. The multi-agency institutional structure of the rural banking consists of commercial banks, RRBs, Co-operatives and Land development banks. SHGs have been incorporated into the formal rural credit system, as social banking, for the overall social and community development of rural areas. Micro-credit programmes have been encouraged (the credit provisions through SHGs) - SHGs promote thrift in small proportion by a minimum contribution by each member and from the pooled in money, credit is given to the needy members to be repayable in installments at reasonable rates of interest. SHGs play a crucial role in the women empowerment at rural level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enabled the farmers in the rural areas to avail various credit facilities at affordable rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>These institutions have failed in lending money to worthy customers and failed to initiate an effective loan recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Banks need to focus on the development of relationship baking with the customers to rectify the issues associated with deposit mobilization and repayment of loans. Banks should promote the habit of thrift among the rural people through innovative methods. Awareness regarding the efficient utilization of financial resources must be spread among the customers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the process of assembling, storage, processing, grading, packing, transportation and distribution of agriculture commodities across the country.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Farmers suffered exploitation from faulty weights and measures and manipulation of accounts by the traders and merchants</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regulation of the agriculture market for orderly and transparent marketing conditions. Provision of physical infrastructure facilities like roads, railways, warehouses, godowns, cold stores and processing units. Promoting co-operative marketing to ensure a fair price for the produce of the farmers as well as to save them from the exploitation of traders and middlemen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maintenance of Buffer stock of wheat and rice</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agriculture diversification refers to: Diversification of crop production &amp; Shifting of the surplus work force from the agriculture to other related activities like livestock farming, fisheries etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a sustainable livelihood to rural people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animal husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with raising of animals for meat, fiber or other products. It includes day-to-day care, selective breeding and the raising of livestock. It provides increased stability in income, food security, transport, fuel and nutrition to the rural people. It provides livelihood to about 70 million small and marginal farmers and it provides employment to a large number of women in a rural area. Poultry farming occupies the largest share of the total livestock farming in India (about 42% of the total livestock). Milk production in the country has increased by more than four times between 1960-2002 due to the successful implementation of the Operation Flood, which was associated with dairy farming. The efficient implementation of the milk co-operative societies ensured a fair price and income for the supply of milk to the farmers and has improves the standard of living of the dairy farmers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides livelihood to about 70 million small and marginal farmers and it provides employment to a large number of women in a rural area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is a significant contributor to the GDP of the country. It is a source of livelihood to a large number of people especially women. About 60% of the workforce in internal marketing and 40% of the workforce in the export marketing form women. About 49% of the fish production is from the inland water bodies like lakes, rivers etc. and the balance 51% of the fish produce is from the marine sources. Therefore, progressive increase in the budgetary allocation and introduction of new technologies in fisheries is very important. The overall socio-economic status of the fishermen is deplorable compared to other backward sections of the society. Underemployment, illiteracy, low per capita income and standard of living and indebtedness are common features of the fishermen community.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Horticulture can be defined as the art of cultivation of flowers, fruits, vegetables and plants mainly for food, materials, comfort and decoration. Horticulturists are agriculturists who grow flowers, fruits and nuts, vegetables and herbs, as well as ornamental trees and lawns. It also includes plant conservation, soil management, landscape and garden design, construction and maintenance, and arboriculture (arboriculture refers to science and technique of selection, planting, fertilization, pest control and pruning of trees and plants). In contrast to agriculture, horticulture does not include large-scale crop production or animal husbandry- instead it is divided into several categories which focus on the cultivation and processing of different types of plants and food items for specific purposes. The climate and soil conditions of India are suitable for growing of diverse horticulture crops such as fruits, vegetables, tuber crops, flowers, medicinal and aromatic plants that can provide a sustainable alternate source of livelihood, food and nutrition to millions of people especially in rural areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>India has emerged as the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low productivity of livestock farming while compared to other countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Introduction of welfare programmes for the fishing community in such a manner that can provide long term gains and sustainable livelihood to the people</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>IT can play a crucial role in achieving sustainable livelihood and food security. Effective use of the IT and software to predict areas of food insecurity and vulnerability to take appropriate actions to prevent occurrence of famine. It can help in spreading awareness regarding emerging technologies and its applications in the agriculture sector to raise its productivity. It can be used to gather information regarding the weather and soil conditions of an areas to adopt selective cultivation for enhanced productivity. It can be used to disclose the creative potential and knowledge of the people to promote the growth of various sectors of the economy. It can generate additional employment opportunities even in rural areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the whole system of farming that restores, maintains and enhances the ecological balance and soil fertility. At present the awareness regarding the harmful effects the use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides is increasing globally and organic farming is widely accepted as a solution for it as it promotes sustainable development. Conventional farming depends heavily on the use of chemical fertilizers and toxic pesticides that enter the food supply chain, penetrates deep into the soil and even the underground water, pollutes the air and causes devastation to the entire eco-system. Since organic farming is based on eco-friendly method and techniques it leads to sustainable development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organically grown food items have more nutritional value than the conventionally cultivated products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inadequate infrastructure and marketing facilities for the organic products are difficulties confronted in the organic farming</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The share of agriculture in gross domestic product (GDP) has reached almost 20 per cent for the first time in the last 17 years, making it the sole bright spot in GDP performance during 2020-21, according to the Economic Survey 2020-2021.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The resilience of the farming community in the face of adversities made agriculture the only sector to have clocked a positive growth of 3.4 per cent at constant prices in 2020-21, when other sectors slid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The continuous supply of agricultural commodities, especially staples like rice, wheat, pulses, and vegetables, also enabled food security.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The survey also termed the new farm laws as a “remedy” and “not a malady&quot; in a message to the farmer community opposing the laws. “The three agricultural reform legislations are designed and intended primarily for the benefit of small and marginal farmers who constitute around 85 per cent of the total number of farmers and are the biggest sufferers of the regressive Agricultural Produce Market Committee regulated market regime. The newly introduced farm laws herald a new era of market freedom that can go a long way in the improvement of farmer welfare in India,” it said.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Objective of 'Pradhan Mantri Jan-Dhan Yojana (PMJDY)' is ensuring access to various financial services like availability of basic savings bank account, access to need-based credit, remittances facility, insurance, and pension to the excluded sections i.e. weaker sections &amp; low income groups.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PMJDY is a National Mission on Financial Inclusion encompassing an integrated approach to bring about comprehensive financial inclusion of all the households in the country. The plan envisages universal access to banking facilities with at least one basic banking account for every household, financial literacy, access to credit, insurance, and pension facility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Also an effort is being made to reach out to the youth of this country to participate</p> Signup and view all the answers