Questions and Answers
What was the primary governing body in ancient Indian villages?
What form of government coexisted with the Panchayat system in ancient India?
In Vedic times, what title was given to the head of the village?
Which ancient text references the Gram Sangha?
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During the Buddhist period, which type of council was present alongside village assemblies?
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How were decisions made in the village assemblies of ancient India?
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What role did the Paura Sabhas have in local governance?
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What was considered the basic unit of administration in ancient India?
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Which aspect is essential for rural development according to the stated objectives?
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What is the role of panchayats in rural development?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a basic necessity of life in rural development?
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Self respect in the context of rural development refers to what?
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What does freedom in rural development encompass?
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Which statement best describes the significance of infrastructure in rural development?
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What is a primary indicator of under development in rural areas?
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Which goal aligns with the objectives of the planning process under rural development?
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What does rural reconstruction emphasize according to Gandhian views?
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According to Gandhiji, the primary goal of village life should be to achieve what?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a cardinal principle for rural development by Gandhiji?
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What is a key difference between rural development and rural reconstruction?
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What did Gandhiji mean by the term 'village Swaraj'?
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Which aspect is not included in Gandhiji's holistic approach to rural reconstruction?
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What was one of Gandhiji's views regarding the community in villages?
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Which principle aligns with Gandhiji's ideal view of village economies?
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What was one of the recommendations made by the P.K. Thungon Committee regarding the Panchayati Raj bodies?
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Which amendment to the Constitution of India established the framework for Panchayati Raj institutions?
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What is the maximum term duration recommended for Panchayati Raj bodies according to the P.K. Thungon Committee?
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Which committee overlooked the importance of panchayats as self-governing units?
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Which Prime Minister introduced the 73rd Amendment Bill to establish Panchayati Raj?
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What critical function did the Zilla Parishad serve according to the recommendations of the P.K. Thungon Committee?
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What did the 73rd Amendment Act lead to in villages across India?
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Why were the recommendations of the Ashok Mehta Committee largely ineffective?
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What is the three-tier system of panchayats as envisioned by the committee?
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Which state was the first to implement the recommendations of the Balwantrai Mehta Committee?
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What significant recommendation did the Balwantrai Mehta Committee make regarding women's participation?
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What did the Ashok Mehta Committee recommend as a change to the panchayati raj system?
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In what year did the recommendations of the Balwantrai Mehta Committee come into effect?
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What was a notable outcome of the panchayat system by the mid-1960s?
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What was one of the major findings from the Ministry of Community Development regarding Panchayati Raj Institutions?
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What did the Ashok Mehta Committee recommend for the representation of women in panchayati raj?
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Study Notes
Rural Development
- Planned process primarily executed by rural communities as beneficiaries.
- Panchayats and government play a vital role in facilitating development.
- Vision of economic growth intertwined with social justice.
- Initial focus on agriculture progressively expanded to include employment opportunities for the poor.
- Features integration of production, infrastructure, human resources, and institutional development.
- In India, rural development aims at maximizing agricultural production and developing rural industries, emphasizing cottage industries.
Essential Components of Rural Development
- Basic necessities crucial for survival: food, clothing, shelter, literacy, healthcare, and security.
- Self-respect is a fundamental human need; its absence indicates underdevelopment.
- Freedom encompasses political, economic, and social dimensions, essential for claiming development.
Gandhian Perspective on Rural Reconstruction
- Rural reconstruction seeks to redesign villages for comprehensive improvement, leading to significant lifestyle and economic changes.
- Gandhiji's holistic, people-centered approach rooted in truth, non-violence, and human goodness.
- Emphasized moral, spiritual, economic, and ecological dimensions for overall development.
- Advocated for village self-sufficiency, focusing on food production and harmonious community living.
- Core principles: truth, non-violence, freedom, equality, self-sufficiency, and cooperation.
- Belief in the integration of education, health, and vocational training for effective rural development.
Historical Context of Rural Administration
- Ancient India had village councils (Gram Sangha) for administration and judiciary functions.
- Mention of Gram Sangha found in texts such as Manusmriti and epics like Mahabharata.
- Villages governed by elected Panchayats; local governance based on democratic principles of majority decision-making.
- Establishment of a three-tier Panchayat system promoting community engagement, welfare, and agriculture.
Key Committees and Recommendations
- Balwantrai Mehta Committee (1957): Instituted a three-tier Panchayat system, emphasized grassroots participation, and women's representation.
- Ashok Mehta Committee (1977): Proposed a two-tier system, recommended constitutional protection for Panchayati Raj Institutions, and emphasized financial autonomy.
- P.K. Thungon Committee (1988): Advocated for constitutional recognition of Panchayati Raj bodies, emphasized regular elections every five years, and central planning coordination.
74th Amendment Act, 1992
- Introduced by Rajiv Gandhi to strengthen local governance structures.
- Established provisions for Grama Sabha in every village, ensuring local participation in the democratic process.
- Marked a significant move towards constitutional safeguarding and empowerment of local governments in rural areas.
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Description
Explore the principles of planned rural development and the vital role of panchayats and government in this process. Discover how economic growth with social justice aims to enhance agricultural production and create employment opportunities for the rural population, especially the underprivileged.
