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Questions and Answers
What is the predominant coat color of the Balami breed of sheep?
What is the predominant coat color of the Balami breed of sheep?
- White (correct)
- Red
- Black
- Spotted
What is a distinguishing feature of Sahel goats?
What is a distinguishing feature of Sahel goats?
- Long tail
- Short ears and horns in both sexes (correct)
- Horns in females only
- Long leg adapted for swimming
Where are Sahel goats commonly found in Nigeria?
Where are Sahel goats commonly found in Nigeria?
- Mountainous areas
- Forest regions
- Sahel or desert areas (correct)
- Northern riversides
Which goat breed is known for being well-adapted to nomadic life?
Which goat breed is known for being well-adapted to nomadic life?
Which breed of sheep is considered one of the largest in Nigeria?
Which breed of sheep is considered one of the largest in Nigeria?
What color is the skin coat of the Maradi or Red Sokoto breed of goat?
What color is the skin coat of the Maradi or Red Sokoto breed of goat?
At what age does a well-managed ram typically attain puberty under intensive management system?
At what age does a well-managed ram typically attain puberty under intensive management system?
What is the recommended mating ratio of ram to ewe on a farm?
What is the recommended mating ratio of ram to ewe on a farm?
What is the term used for excess rams on the farm that are not required for mating?
What is the term used for excess rams on the farm that are not required for mating?
Why must the hooves of a ram be adequately trimmed?
Why must the hooves of a ram be adequately trimmed?
When is a buck typically used for mating?
When is a buck typically used for mating?
What is the average gestation period for a cow?
What is the average gestation period for a cow?
What is the function of the salivary glands in ruminants?
What is the function of the salivary glands in ruminants?
How does the tongue and lips help ruminant animals in the digestion process?
How does the tongue and lips help ruminant animals in the digestion process?
How does the day length affect reproduction in sheep and goats?
How does the day length affect reproduction in sheep and goats?
What is the management practice described for a pregnant ewe?
What is the management practice described for a pregnant ewe?
What is the purpose of mastication in ruminants?
What is the purpose of mastication in ruminants?
Which dentition type is found in young animals according to the text?
Which dentition type is found in young animals according to the text?
What is parturition in sheep, cattle, and goats commonly called?
What is parturition in sheep, cattle, and goats commonly called?
What is described as 'kidding' in goats?
What is described as 'kidding' in goats?
What is the role of the oesophagus in ruminants?
What is the role of the oesophagus in ruminants?
Why is housing considered important in cattle production?
Why is housing considered important in cattle production?
How many types of dentition are mentioned in the text for ruminants?
How many types of dentition are mentioned in the text for ruminants?
What is the purpose of ear notching in animals?
What is the purpose of ear notching in animals?
How is ear notching done in animals?
How is ear notching done in animals?
What do skin and horn branding involve?
What do skin and horn branding involve?
What is drenching in animal care?
What is drenching in animal care?
How often are animals de-wormed according to the text?
How often are animals de-wormed according to the text?
Why is hoof trimming done in animals?
Why is hoof trimming done in animals?
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Study Notes
Ruminant Anatomy and Digestion
- The digestive process in ruminants starts in the mouth, where the combination of the tongue and lips help pick and roll plant material into the mouth.
- The teeth, specifically incisors, canines, premolars, and molars, aid in mastication or chewing of the plant material.
- There are two types of dentition in ruminants: deciduous dentition (found in young animals) and permanent dentition (found in mature animals).
Mouth and Oesophagus
- The mouth has salivary glands that secrete saliva with a pH of around 8.2, which stabilizes the pH of the mouth and reduces acidity in the rumen.
- The oesophagus is a tubular column through which food is swallowed and regurgitated for re-chewing.
Breeds of Ruminants
Sheep Breeds
- The Balami breed of sheep has a convex facial profile, large droopy ears, and a thin long tail.
- Mature rams weigh between 45-65 kg, while ewes weigh between 35-40 kg.
Goat Breeds
- The Sahel breed of goats has a short, fine coat (white, black, red, or spotted), medium to large body size, short ears, and horizontal or drooping horns in both sexes.
- The Maradi or Red Sokoto breed of goats has a red skin coat, well-suited for leather production.
Management of Rams
- Management of rams is crucial for successful breeding and production.
- Rams should be fed a good mixture of grasses and legumes, with concentrates added at 300-500 gm per head per day.
- Hooves must be regularly trimmed to prevent overgrowth and foot rot.
Management of Bucks
- Bucks must attain the age of about 12-18 months before being used for mating.
- The gestation period for goats is an average of 150 days.
Housing and Equipment in Ruminant Production
- Housing is an integral part of management in cattle production.
- Housing requirements vary for intensive and extensive systems of cattle production.
Identification Methods
- Tattoing, ear notching, skin and horn branding, and drenching are common identification methods used in cattle production.
- Ear notching involves cutting a specific shape on the ear to indicate numbers, with the position of the cut denoting different numbers.
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