Rules of Conduct in Psychology
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Questions and Answers

What must a psychologist do if they find significant errors in published data?

  • Ignore the errors and move on
  • Refuse to acknowledge the errors
  • Take reasonable steps to correct the errors (correct)
  • Change the data to avoid conflict

    • A psychologist can present another person's work as their own if they cite it occasionally.

    False

    What type of credit should a psychologist take responsibility for?

    Work they have actually performed or contributed to.

    A psychologist shall not publish data that had been published previously as __________ data.

    <p>original</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following rules with their descriptions:

    <p>Fabricating data = Not allowed under any circumstances Plagiarism = Presenting someone else's work as one's own Duplicate publication = Publishing previously published data Sharing data = Providing data to verify claims while protecting confidentiality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what scenario is it acceptable for a psychologist to withhold data?

    <p>If the confidentiality of participants cannot be protected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A student is usually not listed as the principal author on articles based on their dissertation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mere possession of an institutional position does not justify __________ credit for a psychologist.

    <p>authorship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a conflict of interest for a psychologist?

    <p>Taking on a professional role when personal interests could impair objectivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A psychologist can still provide services to a client if there is a potential conflict of interest as long as they disclose this information.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a psychologist clarify when providing a service at the request of a third party?

    <p>The nature of the relationship with each party.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A multiple relationship occurs when a psychologist is in a professional role with a person or organization and simultaneously _____ another role.

    <p>has or was in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a psychologist ensure before interrupting services?

    <p>Arrangements for another professional to address client needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A psychologist can abandon a client without any prior arrangements for continuity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a condition that defines a conflict of interest?

    <p>Providing services to a client directly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a psychologist is called to perform conflicting roles due to a third party's involvement, they must clarify their responsibilities.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one reason a psychologist might have to interrupt services?

    <p>Illness or relocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two roles that a psychologist might clarify when providing services at the request of a third party.

    <p>Therapist, consultant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A psychologist must inform clients about the limits to __________ before providing services.

    <p>confidentiality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a piece of information that must be provided to clients by the psychologist?

    <p>Personal financial advice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Conflict of Interest = Personal or professional interests that impair objectivity Multiple Relationships = Having more than one role with a person or organization Third-Party Requests = When a psychologist is asked to serve a client by someone else Limits to Confidentiality = Boundaries on what information can be shared</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following responsibilities of a psychologist with their description:

    <p>Maintain Client Relationship = Avoid premature termination Plan for Service Interruption = Make arrangements for emergencies Provide Information to Clients = Explain confidentiality and its limits Delegate Responsibilities = Ensure supervisees are qualified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Psychologists can delegate professional responsibilities to anyone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should psychologists inform individuals or groups when they are prohibited from providing information?

    <p>That they cannot provide information due to laws or organizational rules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a psychologist required to report in accordance with relevant law and professional responsibility?

    <p>Abuse of children and vulnerable adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A psychologist can share confidential information about a client without informing others about its confidential nature if no consent is provided.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a psychologist do before disclosing identifiable client information during consultations?

    <p>Obtain the prior consent of the person or organization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A psychologist shall not disclose __________ and personally identifiable information obtained during the course of their work.

    <p>confidential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following scenarios with their corresponding requirements:

    <p>Sharing information with other professionals = Inform recipients about confidentiality Disclosing identifiable client information = Obtain prior consent Using confidential information for public purposes = Disguise or obtain consent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what condition can a psychologist disclose confidential information?

    <p>If the disclosure cannot be avoided</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Confidential information can be freely used in lectures as long as the psychologist believes it is for educational purposes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a psychologist ensure when taking part in professional consultations?

    <p>Confidentiality and limited disclosure of client information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstance can a psychologist provide an opinion on a client's psychological characteristics?

    <p>Only after conducting a professionally adequate examination of the client</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A psychologist is allowed to perform assessments without any defined professional relationship with a client.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a psychologist do if an examination is not practical despite reasonable efforts?

    <p>Document the efforts made and clarify the probable impact on the reliability and validity of their opinions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When conducting a group assessment, a psychologist must declare the ___ to their findings.

    <p>limits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following assessment situations with the psychologist's required actions:

    <p>Examination practical = Conduct examination and provide findings Examination not practical = Document efforts and clarify limitations Group assessment = Declare limits to findings Indirect assessment = Declare method and limit findings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following obligations does a psychologist have towards their students or trainees?

    <p>To present psychological information accurately and objectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A psychologist can engage in a sexual relationship with a student who is under their evaluative authority.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must a psychologist do if they are evaluating personal issues of a student that may affect their work?

    <p>Evaluate or obtain assistance if necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A psychologist shall not impose _____ as a mandatory programme requirement.

    <p>individual or group therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a psychologist's responsibility when providing feedback to a student?

    <p>Evaluate based on actual performance on established requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following ethical obligations of psychologists with their descriptions:

    <p>Present information accurately = Ensures teaching is credible Avoid demeaning conduct = Maintains respect and dignity of students Allow options for therapy = Respects student autonomy Prevent sexual intimacies = Eliminates conflicts of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Psychologists can ask students to disclose their sexual history if it is deemed necessary for evaluation.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What options must a psychologist provide to students when therapy is recommended?

    <p>Recuse oneself or select therapy outside the programme.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Rules of Conduct for Psychology Professions

    • Definitions:
      • "barter" - the exchange of goods/services for psychological services instead of money
      • "board" - the Professional Board established by Notice No. R 75, 16 January 1998
      • "children" - persons under 14 years old
      • "client" - anyone receiving psychological services (individual, family, group, etc.)
      • "competency" - the ability to perform psychological acts based on training and qualifications
      • "confidential information" - information shared with a psychologist in confidence
      • "intern" - a registered trainee in psychology
      • "psychological services" - acts of assessment, diagnosis, and intervention
      • "psychologist" - a registered professional in psychology, registered counsellor, psychometrist, psycho-technician, internship student
      • "psychometrist" - a registered psychometrist
      • "psycho-technician" - a registered psycho-technician
      • "registered counsellor" - a registered professional counsellor -"section" - section of the Act
      • "sexual harassment" - unwelcome sexual conduct
      • "student" - registered student in professional psychology
      • "test data" - test responses and related materials
      • "the Act" - the Health Professions Act, 1974 (Act No. 56 of 1974)
      • "the code" - these rules

    Professional Competence

    • General: Psychologists should maintain high standards of competence. They are accountable for their actions.
    • Competency Limits: Psychologists should limit their practice to their area of competence. Formal training and supervised experience determine competency.
    • Maintaining Competency: Ongoing professional development is required.
    • Adding New Competencies: Psychologists should consult with colleagues and gain additional training to develop new competencies. Should inform client about innovative techniques and risks.
    • Extraordinary Circumstances: In emergencies, psychologists must provide services even if their competency isn't adequate.
    • Personal Impairment: Psychologists with impairments (mental, emotional, or physiological) should refrain from work and seek assistance to prevent impaired performance.

    Professional Relations

    • Respect for Human Rights: Psychologists must respect the inherent dignity, values, and beliefs of individuals. They must respect bodily and psychological integrity, confidentiality.
    • Delegation of Work: Psychologists should delegate work responsibly; ensure that delegation does not cause exploitation or a loss of objectivity.
    • Use of Interpreters: Psychologists using interpreters ensure fluency and qualifications, minimize multiple relationships, and ensure competency.
    • Third-Party Requests: Psychologists should clarify relationships in third-party situations (e.g. court orders) and appropriately document consent.
    • Informed Consent: When conducting research, assessment, or providing services, psychologists must obtain written informed consent from the client in a language the client understands.
    • Capacity to Consent: The client needs capacity to consent to procedures.
    • Information: Clients need accurate information regarding participation.
    • Risk Information: Clients are aware of risks associated with procedures.
    • Legal Incapacity: Psychologists obtain appropriate permissions from legal authorities for clients unable to consent.

    Unfair Discrimination

    • Fair Treatment: Psychologists should avoid discrimination based on any characteristic (age, culture, belief, disability, etc.)

    Avoiding Harm

    • Client Welfare: Psychologists should take reasonable steps to safeguard and minimize harm to clients, etcetera.

    Conflicts of Interest

    • Objectivity: Avoid roles that could impair objectivity
    • Exploitation: Avoid exploiting clients or any other individuals

    Third-Party Requests for Services

    • Clarification of Roles and Responsibilities: Psychologists should clarify the roles with all parties involved in psychological services (when requested by a third party) to avoid ambiguity.

    Multiple Relationships

    • Multiple Relationships: Psychologists must be wary of multiple roles that could compromise their independence or cause harm to individuals.

    Confidentiality

    • Safeguarding Information: Psychologists must maintain the confidentiality of client information. Exceptions may exist by law or if the client is in imminent danger to themselves or others.

    Advertising and Professional Representation

    • Accurate Representation: Psychologists should accurately describe their qualifications, experience, and competence when advertising, avoiding deceptive claims.

    Fees and Financial Arrangements

    • Contracting Fees: Agree on fees and billing arrangements.
    • Overcharging: Avoid exploiting clients regarding fees.
    • Accuracy in Billing: Psychologists should avoid misrepresenting fees or billing for services not rendered.
    • Limitations: Discuss any financial limitations that could affect the provision of psychological services.
    • Collection of Outstanding Fees: If clients do not pay, address the matter fairly (e.g., with a collection agency).
    • Withholding Information: Don't withhold reports or records due to unpaid fees.
    • Account Itemisation: In cases with third-party payers, clearly show services rendered for payment purposes.
    • Competence: Psychologists performing psycho-legal duties must possess relevant knowledge and expertise.
    • Basis for Psycho-legal Opinion: Psycho-legal assessments, recommendations, and reports should be well-substantiated.
    • Limits to Opinions: If complete examination isn't possible, acknowledge limits of findings.
    • Truthfulness and Candor: Psychologists must be truthful and candid in psycho-legal testimony.
    • Conflicting Roles: Psychologists should avoid conflicting roles in psycho-legal matters.
    • Maintenance of Expert Witness Role: Psychologists should balance their ethical responsibilities and legal requirements (court system).
    • Prior Relationships: Prior relationships with clients don't preclude a psychologist from acting as a witness.

    Advertising and Public Statements

    • Accuracy in Representation: Psychologists must avoid misrepresenting their qualifications, experience, or competence in public statements.
    • Statements by others: If others make promotional statements for psychologists, they are still accountable for its accuracy and content.

    Therapeutic Activities

    • Informed Consent to Therapy: Obtaining written informed consent from clients about the nature, fees, involvement, confidentiality, and potential risks related to therapy.
    • Couples or Family Therapy: Clarify roles and responsibilities with multiple clients in therapy.
    • Group Therapy: Describe roles, limits in confidentiality with a group session.
    • Providing Therapy to Those Served by Others: Psychologists should consult with the involved parties and be meticulous of the client's welfare.
    • Sexual Intimacies: Psychologists should never have sexual relationships with current therapy clients.
    • Therapy with Former Sexual Partners: Psychologists can't have therapy clients who were previous sexual partners (minimum 24 months).
    • Interruption of Therapy: Clearly explain procedures and steps should therapy end abruptly.

    Teaching, Training and Supervision

    • Psychologist Responsibilities: Ensure competence in education and training.
    • Desription of Programs: Accurate, objective descriptions of programs that are objectively assessed.
    • Accuracy and Objectivity: Conduct teaching/training accurately. Psychologists should avoid personal bias.
    • Student or Trainee Disclosures: Exceptions may exist in evaluating students/trainees.

    Research and Publication

    • Institutional/Research Approval: Gain written approval to conduct research.
    • Informed Consent: Obtain participant's informed consent, in a understandable manner.

    Debriefing

    • Information and Corrective Steps: Provide participants with results and correct misinterpretations appropriately.

    Sharing Data

    • Data Sharing with Others: Psychologists are not allowed to withhold data from other qualified researchers when appropriate.
    • Substantive Claims: Maintain confidentiality if the request for data violates substantive claims by the requester of the data.

    Resolving Ethical Issues

    • Ethical Uncertainties: Consult knowledgeable individuals about ethical uncertainties.
    • Ethical Conflict: Address clashes with laws/organizational demands.
    • Informal Resolutions: Prioritize resolving ethical conflicts with other parties directly if appropriate.
    • Reporting Violations: Report ethical violations for proper procedures

    Reporting Colleague Impairment

    • Professional Impairment: If there’s a reasonable basis for suspecting a colleague is professionally impaired, they should notify board authorities.

    Discrimination

    • Discrimination: Psychologists cannot discriminate against those who make a complaint.

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    Related Documents

    HPCSA Ethical Code of Professional Conduct PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers key definitions and concepts regarding the rules of conduct for psychology professionals. Topics include roles such as psychologists, psychometrists, and interns, as well as principles like competency and confidentiality. Test your understanding of these essential guidelines in psychology.

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