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Ruby - General Overview
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Ruby - General Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is the Mohs scale hardness of rubies?

  • 11
  • 9 (correct)
  • 8
  • 10

    • Which of the following is NOT a major consumer of rubies?

  • Brazil (correct)
  • United States
  • Japan
  • China

    • What is the chemical composition of rubies?

  • A mixture of silicon and oxygen
  • A mixture of aluminum and silicon
  • A mixture of iron and oxygen
  • A mixture of aluminum and oxygen (correct)

    • What is the typical crystal structure of rubies?

    <p>Tabular hexagonal prism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that removes silicon from the rock, leading to the formation of rubies?

    <p>Desilication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the species that rubies belong to?

    <p>Corundum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical color range of rubies?

    <p>Orangy red to purplish red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the finest rubies often found?

    <p>Marble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element is responsible for the saturated color of rubies?

    <p>Chromium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common clarity characteristic of rubies?

    <p>needle-like inclusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common treatment for rubies?

    <p>Heat treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of 'Burmese' rubies?

    <p>Mogok region of Myanmar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for rubies with a rich, slightly purplish red color?

    <p>Crimson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common synthetic process used to create rubies?

    <p>Verneuil or flame-fusion method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common imitation material for rubies?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major cutting, treatment, and wholesale trading center for rubies?

    <p>Thailand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rare phenomenon observed in rubies?

    <p>Pleochroism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for rubies with a brownish red to purplish red hue?

    <p>Thai</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common cut for rubies?

    <p>Oval with brilliant-cut crowns and step-cut pavilions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary environment necessary for the formation of rubies?

    <p>Low-silicon environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that enables the exchange of chemical components between minerals?

    <p>Metasomatism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary host rock where finest rubies are often found?

    <p>Marble</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of chromium in the formation of rubies?

    <p>To saturate the color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical shape of ruby crystals?

    <p>Tabular hexagonal prism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process that removes silicon from the rock, leading to the formation of rubies?

    <p>Desilication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following has a major impact on the tone of rubies?

    <p>Iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a significant consumer of rubies?

    <p>Brazil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical color range of high-end rubies?

    <p>Vibrant red to slightly purplish red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of heat treatment on rubies?

    <p>To develop or intensify the color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for rubies with a rich, slightly purplish red color?

    <p>Crimson</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common synthetic process used to create rubies?

    <p>Verneuil or flame-fusion method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary country of origin for the finest rubies?

    <p>Mozambique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the clarity characteristic of rubies with needle-like inclusions?

    <p>Silk inclusions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common cut used for rubies ?

    <p>Oval cut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of flux healing and lattice diffusion?

    <p>To develop or intensify the color</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common imitation material for rubies?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phenomenon observed in rubies with pleochroism?

    <p>Pleochroism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major cutting, treatment, and wholesale trading center for rubies?

    <p>Thailand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Ruby Overview

    • Largest consumers of ruby include the US, China, Japan, the European Union, and the Middle East
    • Ruby has a Mohs scale hardness of 9

    Species and Composition

    • Ruby is a species of Corundum
    • Chemical composition: aluminum oxide, a mixture of aluminum and oxygen
    • Forms in environments with low silicon content, part of the metamorphic process

    Color and Hue

    • Color range: orangy red to purplish red
    • Finest ruby has a pure, vibrant red to slightly purplish red hue
    • Vivid saturation and medium to medium dark tone

    Forming Source and Process

    • Finest rubies have trace elements of Chromium, which enhances hue and causes fluorescence
    • Finest ruby forms in marble, but also found in alkali-basalt host rocks with trace elements of iron
    • Metasomatism process involves minerals exchanging chemical components in the presence of fluids
    • Desilication process removes silicon from the rock, leaving aluminum and oxygen behind to form corundum

    Crystal Structure and Phenomena

    • Crystal structure: tabular hexagonal prism, elongated prisms and bipyramids
    • Possible phenomenon: Pleochroism

    Clarity Characteristics

    • Silk (rutile needles), boehmite needles, included crystals, fingerprint inclusions
    • Growth zoning, color zoning, and color banding

    Treatments and Cuts

    • Almost all rubies are heat treated to develop or intensify color, remove or decrease banding or zoning
    • Common treatments: fracture filling with lead glass, dyeing with colored oils, and filling small surface-reaching fractures with epoxies
    • Common cuts: oval, cushion, round, trillion, emerald-cut, pear, and marquise
    • Cutters can minimize orangy red color by orienting the table facet perpendicular to the crystal's optic axis

    Trade Names and Countries of Origin

    • Trade names: "pigeon's blood", "Burmese", "Thai", "Pailin", "crimson", and "scarlet"
    • Countries of origin: Mozambique, Myanmar, Afghanistan, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Madagascar

    Synthetics and Imitations

    • Main synthetic process: Verneuil or flame-fusion method, melt and solution processes
    • Common imitation materials: glass, natural spinel, red garnet, synthetic spinel, synthetic cubic zirconia, and quartz

    Cutting and Trading Centers

    • Thailand is considered ruby's major cutting, treatment, and wholesale trading center
    • Other important ruby centers: Jaipur, India; Sri Lanka; and China's Guangdong Province

    Ruby Overview

    • Largest consumers of ruby include the US, China, Japan, the European Union, and the Middle East
    • Ruby has a Mohs scale hardness of 9

    Species and Composition

    • Ruby is a species of Corundum
    • Chemical composition: aluminum oxide, a mixture of aluminum and oxygen
    • Forms in environments with low silicon content, part of the metamorphic process

    Color and Hue

    • Color range: orangy red to purplish red
    • Finest ruby has a pure, vibrant red to slightly purplish red hue
    • Vivid saturation and medium to medium dark tone

    Forming Source and Process

    • Finest rubies have trace elements of Chromium, which enhances hue and causes fluorescence
    • Finest ruby forms in marble, but also found in alkali-basalt host rocks with trace elements of iron
    • Metasomatism process involves minerals exchanging chemical components in the presence of fluids
    • Desilication process removes silicon from the rock, leaving aluminum and oxygen behind to form corundum

    Crystal Structure and Phenomena

    • Crystal structure: tabular hexagonal prism, elongated prisms and bipyramids
    • Possible phenomenon: Pleochroism

    Clarity Characteristics

    • Silk (rutile needles), boehmite needles, included crystals, fingerprint inclusions
    • Growth zoning, color zoning, and color banding

    Treatments and Cuts

    • Almost all rubies are heat treated to develop or intensify color, remove or decrease banding or zoning
    • Common treatments: fracture filling with lead glass, dyeing with colored oils, and filling small surface-reaching fractures with epoxies
    • Common cuts: oval, cushion, round, trillion, emerald-cut, pear, and marquise
    • Cutters can minimize orangy red color by orienting the table facet perpendicular to the crystal's optic axis

    Trade Names and Countries of Origin

    • Trade names: "pigeon's blood", "Burmese", "Thai", "Pailin", "crimson", and "scarlet"
    • Countries of origin: Mozambique, Myanmar, Afghanistan, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, and Madagascar

    Synthetics and Imitations

    • Main synthetic process: Verneuil or flame-fusion method, melt and solution processes
    • Common imitation materials: glass, natural spinel, red garnet, synthetic spinel, synthetic cubic zirconia, and quartz

    Cutting and Trading Centers

    • Thailand is considered ruby's major cutting, treatment, and wholesale trading center
    • Other important ruby centers: Jaipur, India; Sri Lanka; and China's Guangdong Province

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    Related Documents

    Stone Info_Ruby.pdf

    Description

    Discover fascinating facts about rubies, including their largest consumers, Mohs scale, variety, color range, and chemical composition.

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