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Questions and Answers

What is the typical size range of prokaryotic cells?

  • 10 - 100 μm
  • 1 - 5 μm
  • 0.01 - 0.1 μm
  • 0.1 - 10 μm (correct)

Which parameter is most crucial for distinguishing two closely spaced objects in microscopy?

  • Contrast
  • Magnification
  • Wavelength
  • Resolution (correct)

Which type of microscope has the highest magnification capacity?

  • Electron microscope (correct)
  • Fluorescence microscope
  • Confocal microscope
  • Optical microscope

What is the primary source of illumination used in optical microscopes?

<p>Visible light (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of pH, which of the following describes an acid?

<p>Proton donor with pH &lt; 7 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron capacity of the first electron shell?

<p>2 electrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following pairs represent polar covalent bonds?

<p>Oxygen and Hydrogen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of water contributes to its high surface tension?

<p>Hydrogen bonding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of intermediate filaments in the cell?

<p>Structural support (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide in peroxisomes?

<p>Catalase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell's transport system?

<p>Transport cargo to the plasma membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

<p>S phase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that holds the nucleus and provides it with support?

<p>Nuclear envelope (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cell contains 46 chromosomes?

<p>Human non-gamete cell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process prepares the cell for mitosis after DNA replication?

<p>G2 phase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which protein is responsible for stabilizing the unwound DNA during replication?

<p>Binding protein (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes ribose from deoxyribose?

<p>Ribose has 2 hydroxyl groups while deoxyribose has 1. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about membrane permeability is correct?

<p>Charged solutes have low permeability. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the sodium-potassium antiporter?

<p>Contributing to a negative resting potential within the cell. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a hypotonic environment, what is the effect on an animal cell?

<p>The cell becomes lysed. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of facilitated diffusion involves proteins that can bind solutes and change direction?

<p>Transporter. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes active transport?

<p>Requires energy to move substances against the electrochemical gradient. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of aquaporins?

<p>Facilitating osmosis across the cell membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the engulfing of large foreign particles by a cell?

<p>Phagocytosis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of de-polymerization?

<p>It is a spontaneous catabolic process that consumes water. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes structural isomers?

<p>They have the same chemical formula but different structures. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between α-glucose and β-glucose?

<p>Their hydroxyl groups are positioned differently. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of glycogen compared to cellulose?

<p>Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscle cells, while cellulose is not. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the structure of a phospholipid?

<p>It consists of a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is true regarding saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

<p>Saturated fatty acids can stack closely together. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between nucleotides and nucleosides?

<p>Nucleotides include all parts such as the phosphate group, while nucleosides do not. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about proteins is incorrect?

<p>Secondary structure consists only of β-pleated sheets. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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