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Questions and Answers

What is the typical size range of prokaryotic cells?

  • 10 - 100 μm
  • 1 - 5 μm
  • 0.01 - 0.1 μm
  • 0.1 - 10 μm (correct)
  • Which parameter is most crucial for distinguishing two closely spaced objects in microscopy?

  • Contrast
  • Magnification
  • Wavelength
  • Resolution (correct)
  • Which type of microscope has the highest magnification capacity?

  • Electron microscope (correct)
  • Fluorescence microscope
  • Confocal microscope
  • Optical microscope
  • What is the primary source of illumination used in optical microscopes?

    <p>Visible light</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of pH, which of the following describes an acid?

    <p>Proton donor with pH &lt; 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the electron capacity of the first electron shell?

    <p>2 electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pairs represent polar covalent bonds?

    <p>Oxygen and Hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property of water contributes to its high surface tension?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of intermediate filaments in the cell?

    <p>Structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide in peroxisomes?

    <p>Catalase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Golgi apparatus in the cell's transport system?

    <p>Transport cargo to the plasma membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure that holds the nucleus and provides it with support?

    <p>Nuclear envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cell contains 46 chromosomes?

    <p>Human non-gamete cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process prepares the cell for mitosis after DNA replication?

    <p>G2 phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for stabilizing the unwound DNA during replication?

    <p>Binding protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes ribose from deoxyribose?

    <p>Ribose has 2 hydroxyl groups while deoxyribose has 1.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about membrane permeability is correct?

    <p>Charged solutes have low permeability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the sodium-potassium antiporter?

    <p>Contributing to a negative resting potential within the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a hypotonic environment, what is the effect on an animal cell?

    <p>The cell becomes lysed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of facilitated diffusion involves proteins that can bind solutes and change direction?

    <p>Transporter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes active transport?

    <p>Requires energy to move substances against the electrochemical gradient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of aquaporins?

    <p>Facilitating osmosis across the cell membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the engulfing of large foreign particles by a cell?

    <p>Phagocytosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of de-polymerization?

    <p>It is a spontaneous catabolic process that consumes water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes structural isomers?

    <p>They have the same chemical formula but different structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between α-glucose and β-glucose?

    <p>Their hydroxyl groups are positioned differently.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of glycogen compared to cellulose?

    <p>Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscle cells, while cellulose is not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the structure of a phospholipid?

    <p>It consists of a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is true regarding saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?

    <p>Saturated fatty acids can stack closely together.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between nucleotides and nucleosides?

    <p>Nucleotides include all parts such as the phosphate group, while nucleosides do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about proteins is incorrect?

    <p>Secondary structure consists only of β-pleated sheets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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