Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was the Congress of Vienna?
What was the Congress of Vienna?
A meeting of European rulers in Austria following Napoleon's exile aimed to establish a balance of power and repress liberal revolutions.
Who was Klemens von Metternich?
Who was Klemens von Metternich?
Austria's foreign minister who wanted a balance of power and was a key player in the Congress of Vienna.
What does the principle of legitimacy state?
What does the principle of legitimacy state?
Monarchs from royal families that ruled before Napoleon should be restored to power.
What is meant by balance of power?
What is meant by balance of power?
Signup and view all the answers
What is ideology?
What is ideology?
Signup and view all the answers
What is conservatism as contended by Edmund Burke?
What is conservatism as contended by Edmund Burke?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was Joseph de Maistre?
Who was Joseph de Maistre?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the Concert of Europe?
What was the Concert of Europe?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the principle of intervention?
What is the principle of intervention?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was Simón Bolívar?
Who was Simón Bolívar?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
What is the Monroe Doctrine?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the Greek Revolt?
What was the Greek Revolt?
Signup and view all the answers
What were Britain's Tories and Whigs?
What were Britain's Tories and Whigs?
Signup and view all the answers
What were the Corn Laws?
What were the Corn Laws?
Signup and view all the answers
Who were the ultraroyalists?
Who were the ultraroyalists?
Signup and view all the answers
What does ministerial responsibility mean?
What does ministerial responsibility mean?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was Louis XVIII?
Who was Louis XVIII?
Signup and view all the answers
What were the Carbonari?
What were the Carbonari?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the Germanic Confederation?
What was the Germanic Confederation?
Signup and view all the answers
What were Burschenschaften?
What were Burschenschaften?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the Decembrist Revolt?
What was the Decembrist Revolt?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was Tsar Nicholas I?
Who was Tsar Nicholas I?
Signup and view all the answers
What is liberalism?
What is liberalism?
Signup and view all the answers
What are classical economics?
What are classical economics?
Signup and view all the answers
Who is Thomas Malthus?
Who is Thomas Malthus?
Signup and view all the answers
What is David Ricardo's 'iron law of wages'?
What is David Ricardo's 'iron law of wages'?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was John Stuart Mill?
Who was John Stuart Mill?
Signup and view all the answers
What is 'On the Subjection of Women' about?
What is 'On the Subjection of Women' about?
Signup and view all the answers
What is utopian socialism?
What is utopian socialism?
Signup and view all the answers
What are Charles Fourier's phalansteries?
What are Charles Fourier's phalansteries?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was Robert Owen?
Who was Robert Owen?
Signup and view all the answers
What did Louis Blanc advocate for?
What did Louis Blanc advocate for?
Signup and view all the answers
What was France's July Revolution of 1830?
What was France's July Revolution of 1830?
Signup and view all the answers
What were the parties of Movement and Resistance?
What were the parties of Movement and Resistance?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the Reform Act of 1832?
What was the Reform Act of 1832?
Signup and view all the answers
What were the revolutions of 1848?
What were the revolutions of 1848?
Signup and view all the answers
What was France's Second Republic?
What was France's Second Republic?
Signup and view all the answers
What was the Frankfurt Assembly?
What was the Frankfurt Assembly?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was Louis Kossuth?
Who was Louis Kossuth?
Signup and view all the answers
What was risorgimento?
What was risorgimento?
Signup and view all the answers
What are serjents and 'bobbies'?
What are serjents and 'bobbies'?
Signup and view all the answers
What is romanticism?
What is romanticism?
Signup and view all the answers
What is individualism?
What is individualism?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Goethe's 'The Sorrows of the Young Werther'?
What is Goethe's 'The Sorrows of the Young Werther'?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the Grimm brothers and Hans Christian Andersen do?
What did the Grimm brothers and Hans Christian Andersen do?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Gothic literature?
What is Gothic literature?
Signup and view all the answers
What is pantheism?
What is pantheism?
Signup and view all the answers
Who was Sir Walter Scott?
Who was Sir Walter Scott?
Signup and view all the answers
What is neo-Gothic architecture?
What is neo-Gothic architecture?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Mary Shelley's 'Frankenstein' about?
What is Mary Shelley's 'Frankenstein' about?
Signup and view all the answers
Who were Percy Bysshe Shelley and Lord Byron?
Who were Percy Bysshe Shelley and Lord Byron?
Signup and view all the answers
What is William Wordsworth known for?
What is William Wordsworth known for?
Signup and view all the answers
Who were Caspar David Friedrich, J.M.W. Turner, and Eugene Delacroix?
Who were Caspar David Friedrich, J.M.W. Turner, and Eugene Delacroix?
Signup and view all the answers
Who were Ludwig von Beethoven and Hector Berlioz?
Who were Ludwig von Beethoven and Hector Berlioz?
Signup and view all the answers
What is Chateaubriand's 'Genius of Christianity' about?
What is Chateaubriand's 'Genius of Christianity' about?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Congress of Vienna
- Meeting of European rulers post-Napoleon aimed at establishing a balance of power and repressing liberal revolutions.
- Focused on maintaining peace, stability, and preventing imperial expansion or the creation of new countries.
Klemens von Metternich
- Austria's foreign minister who advocated for international equilibrium to discourage aggression.
- Major figure at the Congress of Vienna with goals of restoring legitimate monarchs and containing France.
Principle of Legitimacy
- Restoration of monarchs from royal families displaced by Napoleon to ensure peace and stability in Europe.
Balance of Power
- State of approximately equal strength among opposing countries or alliances, essential for maintaining political stability.
Ideology
- A system of ideas forming the foundation of economic or political theory and policy.
Edmund Burke and Conservatism
- Argued against the destruction of the government contract between the governed and governing, promoting gradual change rather than revolution.
Joseph de Maistre and Conservatism
- Believed only absolute monarchy could ensure social order and prevent chaos.
- Advocated for hereditary monarchy viewed as divinely sanctioned.
Concert of Europe
- System where Austria, Russia, Prussia, and Great Britain met regularly to manage European peace post-Napoleon, emerging from the Quadruple Alliance.
Principle of Intervention
- Concept that great powers have the right to deploy armies to restore legitimate governments in countries facing revolutions.
Latin America Revolts
- Simón Bolívar led the independence movement across Latin America, securing freedom from Spanish rule for countries like Mexico and Peru.
Monroe Doctrine
- Foreign policy statement asserting that European nations should not interfere in the affairs or development of the Western Hemisphere.
Greek Revolt
- Rebellion against Ottoman rule fueled by national sentiment, initially viewed negatively but later supported by European powers, leading to the defeat of the Ottoman fleet in 1827.
Britain's Tories and Whigs
- Originated as the first political parties in England; Tories were conservative and loyal to monarchy, while Whigs were liberal and reform-oriented.
Corn Laws and the Peterloo Massacre
- The Corn Law of 1815 imposed high tariffs on foreign grain, exacerbating struggles for the working class; the Peterloo Massacre resulted from a protest, leading to government repression.
Ultraroyalists
- Emigre nobles and clergy in France opposed constitutional government, favoring restoration of the old regime.
Ministerial Responsibility
- Principle that the prime minister is accountable to the elected legislative body, not the executive officer.
Louis XVIII and Charles X
- Bourbon restoration post-Napoleon; Louis XVIII accepted the Civil Code, while Charles X aligned with ultraroyalists and faced opposition.
Carbonari
- Secret society aiming to overthrow Bonapartist rulers and promoting liberal patriotism.
Germanic Confederation
- League of German states created by the Congress of Vienna, succeeding the Confederation of the Rhine.
Burschenschaften
- University fraternities advocating nationalism, known for radical actions and events celebrating key historical anniversaries.
Decembrist Revolt
- Failed uprising in 1825 by Russian army officers seeking constitutional governance, suppressed forcefully with leaders executed.
Tsar Nicholas I
- The last Tsar of Russia who ended the Romanov line and faced pivotal moments during World War I.
Liberalism
- Political ideology emphasizing civil rights, representative governance, and private property, gaining popularity among the middle class during the Enlightenment.
Classical Economics
- Concept advocating that free markets can self-regulate without intervention.
Thomas Malthus
- Economist known for his theory that population growth outpaces food production, leading to scarcity and potential crisis.
David Ricardo's "Iron Law of Wages"
- Theory stating that wages fluctuate around a level sufficient for survival, failing to continuously increase.
John Stuart Mill
- Influential philosopher advocating for individual liberty and critical of excessive state control, contributing significantly to liberal thought.
On the Subjection of Women
- Early feminist essay by John Stuart Mill arguing against women's legal subordination and advocating for gender equality in education.
Utopian Socialism
- Movement initiated by Charles Fourier seeking humane social structures as alternatives to industrial capitalism through cooperative communities.
Charles Fourier's Phalansteries
- Communal living arrangements founded on shared property and free regulation among residents.
Robert Owen's New Lanark
- Social reformist Owen made New Lanark a model of industrial progress and communal living.
Louis Blanc and Flora Tristan
- Blanc advocated for government-funded worker-operated workshops, while Tristan championed women's rights and equality, both pivotal in social reform discussions.
France's July Revolution of 1830
- Revolution resulting in the overthrow of Charles X and the ascension of Louis-Philippe as king.
Parties of Movement and Resistance
- Two political factions in France’s Chamber of Deputies; Movement favored reforms while Resistance believed no changes were needed.
Reform Act of 1832
- Legislation redistributing seats in the House of Commons, enhancing representation for larger towns and cities by eliminating 'rotten boroughs'.
Revolutions of 1848
- Series of democratic and nationalist uprisings across Europe, ultimately leading to failure in many regions, including Germany and Austria.
France's Second Republic
- Established a democratic republican government with universal male suffrage following the 1848 revolution.
Frankfurt Assembly
- Gathering aimed at drafting a constitution for a unified Germany, reflecting liberal and nationalist aspirations.
Louis Kossuth
- Leader of the 1848 Hungarian Revolution seeking national autonomy and civil liberties but faced resistance from the Austrian monarchy.
Risorgimento, Giuseppe Mazzini, and Young Italy
- Movement aimed at unifying Italy, with Mazzini as a key figure promoting republican ideals and insurrection against conservative rule.
Romanticism
- Art and literary movement prioritizing emotion and individual experience over rationalism, influential through the 19th century.
Individualism
- Ideological focus on personal goals and identities rather than collective group identities, emphasizing self-definition.
Gothic Literature
- Genre characterized by themes of decay, chaos, and mystery, often incorporating supernatural elements and intense emotions.
Pantheism
- Belief system positioning the universe or nature itself as divine.
Sir Walter Scott
- Renowned British novelist known for narratives exploring cultural conflicts, celebrated for romanticizing medieval society.
Neo-Gothic Architecture
- Architectural revival inspired by medieval styles, reflected in structures like cathedrals and public buildings.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.