RPC Articles 3 and 366 Quiz

Questions and Answers

What role does the Supreme Court play in the power of judicial review?

It has the authority to nullify unconstitutional laws. (correct)

It can only suggest changes to laws.

It advises the executive branch on legal issues.

It is responsible for trial procedures in lower courts.

Which of the following defines a bill of attainder?

A legislative act that punishes individuals without a trial. (correct)

A legislative proposal that has not yet been enacted.

A judicial decree that inflicts civil penalties.

A law that provides for a trial before punishment.

Why was R.A. No. 9335 challenged by BOCEA?

It was considered a form of taxation without representation.

It violated civil rights of all citizens.

It allegedly imposed punishment without a judicial trial. (correct)

It granted excessive power to local governments.

What does the decision of the Supreme Court serve as for lower courts?

A binding precedent within the same jurisdiction. Signup and view all the answers

What types of wrongful acts can lead to criminal liability according to the law?

Acts performed with either deceit or fault Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT an essential element of a bill of attainder?

Judicial review by the Supreme Court. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome regarding R.A. No. 9335 in terms of being a bill of attainder?

It does not possess elements of a bill of attainder. Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition can penal laws have a retroactive effect?

When they favor the guilty party if they are not habitual criminals Signup and view all the answers

Which article of the Philippine Constitution grants the power of judicial review?

Article 8 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about penalties for felonies?

No felony can be punishable by any penalty after its commission Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes deceit in the context of criminal acts?

Acts performed with deliberate intent Signup and view all the answers

What consequence follows if the Supreme Court declares a law unconstitutional?

The law is struck down and cannot be enforced. Signup and view all the answers

What are the classifications of felonies mentioned in the content?

Consummated, frustrated, and attempted felonies Signup and view all the answers

What does fault in a felony imply?

The act resulted from a lack of foresight or imprudence Signup and view all the answers

What must occur for someone to incur criminal liability?

They must commit a felony or an act that would be an offense Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of felonies committed before the effectiveness of the Code?

They are punishable according to the laws at the time of commission Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary principle regarding the construction of penal laws?

They should be construed strictly against the state and in favor of the accused. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'liberal construction' of penal laws imply?

Prioritizing the rights and protections of the accused. Signup and view all the answers

What happens if a penal statute is ambiguous with contradictory constructions?

The provision that favors the accused is preferred. Signup and view all the answers

What is an express repeal in the context of penal laws?

It occurs when a new law explicitly states that a prior law is revoked. Signup and view all the answers

In penal law, what does the strict construction principle require judges to do?

Critically evaluate statutes for the benefit of the accused. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately reflects the legal implications of liberal construction?

It does not shield the accused from all criminal liabilities. Signup and view all the answers

What does the case of Vicente Yco demonstrate regarding penal law?

The accused might be protected even in clear legal violations. Signup and view all the answers

Why might the phrase 'Charitable excludes Religious' be significant in legal terms?

It clarifies the scope of various legal definitions. Signup and view all the answers

What does the law imply in cases where a person commits an act classified as malum prohibitum?

Guilty intent is assumed by the act itself. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of proving liability in malum prohibitum offenses?

The fundamental nature of the act itself. Signup and view all the answers

In the case of U.S. v. Go Chico, what aspect of displaying flags was deemed sufficient for establishing guilt?

The act of displaying was sufficient, regardless of intent. Signup and view all the answers

Why is proving intent deemed unnecessary in certain statutory offenses?

The act itself is inherently harmful. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'malum prohibitum' refer to?

An act that is criminalized by statute. Signup and view all the answers

What does the court's ruling on Act No. 1696 highlight regarding the individual's knowledge of the law?

Knowledge has no bearing on liability. Signup and view all the answers

How does the legal system aim to deter harmful actions under malum prohibitum?

By eliminating the requirement to prove intent. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the rationale behind liability for acts classified as mala prohibita?

Social order is prioritized over individual intent. Signup and view all the answers

What was the final decision of the Supreme Court regarding Valenzona's case?

Valenzona was acquitted due to insufficient proof of guilt. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of R.A. No. 9775 being classified as a mala in se law?

It addresses actions that are inherently wrong. Signup and view all the answers

Why is proof of malice or deliberate intent not necessary for violations of special penal laws?

Such laws are enforced without regard to intent. Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes the primary basis for the RTC's initial ruling against Valenzona?

Overwhelming evidence of guilt beyond reasonable doubt. Signup and view all the answers

What does the classification of a law as malum prohibitum imply?

The law is designed to control behavior deemed unacceptable by society. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the ruling in the Intengan v. C.A. case?

The case focused on the interpretation of foreign currency laws. Signup and view all the answers

What amendment did the Anti Hazing Act of 2018 introduce?

It revised penalties for offenders under the previous law. Signup and view all the answers

What is the implication of the ruling on criminal liability of a corporation?

Corporations can face penalties under certain circumstances. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

RPC: Key Principles

Article 3 establishes that felonies (delitos) can result from deceit (dolo) or fault (culpa).
Deceit involves deliberate intent, while fault arises from negligence, imprudence, or lack of foresight.
Article 21 indicates that penalties for felonies cannot exceed those prescribed by law before the act was committed.

Application of Penal Laws

Penal laws may have retroactive effects if they benefit a non-habitual offender, according to Article 22.
A final decision from a higher court, like the Supreme Court, serves as binding precedent for lower courts.

Judicial Review and Bill of Attainder

The Supreme Court has the power to determine the constitutionality of laws, based on the 1987 Philippine Constitution.
R.A. No. 9335 was challenged for allegedly being a bill of attainder, imposing punishment without trial; however, it merely enacts penalties with due process.

Understanding Felonies

Consummated, frustrated, and attempted felonies are all subject to punishment under Article 6 of the RPC.
Penalties must align with the maximum sentences as prescribed, ensuring justice aligns with the severity of the crime.

Repeal and Construction of Laws

Express repeal occurs when a new law explicitly nullifies a previous law.
Penal laws favor the accused in interpretations; if ambiguous, the interpretation beneficial to the accused prevails.

Intent in Criminal Law

The distinction between intent to commit a crime (malum in se) and intent to perform an act (malum prohibitum) is crucial.
For mala prohibita offenses, the act itself establishes guilt regardless of the actor's intent, ensuring that harmful behavior is deterred.

Specific Cases and Rulings

The case of U.S. v. Go Chico reinforces that intent is not necessary for certain statutory offenses; the act itself suffices for establishing guilt.
Valenzona's acquittal highlights the burden on prosecution to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt, affecting trial outcomes.

Additional Concepts

The Anti-Hazing Act and R.A. No. 9775 exemplify specific legal frameworks where proof of malicious intent (mens rea) may not be required for violations.
Special penal laws often facilitate enforcement by omitting intent, which broadens liability for public safety offenses.

Legislative Power

The legislature holds the authority to enact malum prohibitum laws, adapting legal standards to current societal needs.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the definitions and classifications of felonies as outlined in the RPC, specifically Articles 3 and 366. This quiz covers the implications of acts and omissions punishable by law and distinguishes between deceit and fault in criminal acts.