Podcast
Questions and Answers
What role does the Supreme Court play in the power of judicial review?
What role does the Supreme Court play in the power of judicial review?
- It has the authority to nullify unconstitutional laws. (correct)
- It can only suggest changes to laws.
- It advises the executive branch on legal issues.
- It is responsible for trial procedures in lower courts.
Which of the following defines a bill of attainder?
Which of the following defines a bill of attainder?
- A legislative act that punishes individuals without a trial. (correct)
- A legislative proposal that has not yet been enacted.
- A judicial decree that inflicts civil penalties.
- A law that provides for a trial before punishment.
Why was R.A. No. 9335 challenged by BOCEA?
Why was R.A. No. 9335 challenged by BOCEA?
- It was considered a form of taxation without representation.
- It violated civil rights of all citizens.
- It allegedly imposed punishment without a judicial trial. (correct)
- It granted excessive power to local governments.
What does the decision of the Supreme Court serve as for lower courts?
What does the decision of the Supreme Court serve as for lower courts?
What types of wrongful acts can lead to criminal liability according to the law?
What types of wrongful acts can lead to criminal liability according to the law?
What is NOT an essential element of a bill of attainder?
What is NOT an essential element of a bill of attainder?
What was the outcome regarding R.A. No. 9335 in terms of being a bill of attainder?
What was the outcome regarding R.A. No. 9335 in terms of being a bill of attainder?
Under what condition can penal laws have a retroactive effect?
Under what condition can penal laws have a retroactive effect?
Which article of the Philippine Constitution grants the power of judicial review?
Which article of the Philippine Constitution grants the power of judicial review?
Which of the following statements is true about penalties for felonies?
Which of the following statements is true about penalties for felonies?
What constitutes deceit in the context of criminal acts?
What constitutes deceit in the context of criminal acts?
What consequence follows if the Supreme Court declares a law unconstitutional?
What consequence follows if the Supreme Court declares a law unconstitutional?
What are the classifications of felonies mentioned in the content?
What are the classifications of felonies mentioned in the content?
What does fault in a felony imply?
What does fault in a felony imply?
What must occur for someone to incur criminal liability?
What must occur for someone to incur criminal liability?
What is a characteristic of felonies committed before the effectiveness of the Code?
What is a characteristic of felonies committed before the effectiveness of the Code?
What is the primary principle regarding the construction of penal laws?
What is the primary principle regarding the construction of penal laws?
What does 'liberal construction' of penal laws imply?
What does 'liberal construction' of penal laws imply?
What happens if a penal statute is ambiguous with contradictory constructions?
What happens if a penal statute is ambiguous with contradictory constructions?
What is an express repeal in the context of penal laws?
What is an express repeal in the context of penal laws?
In penal law, what does the strict construction principle require judges to do?
In penal law, what does the strict construction principle require judges to do?
Which statement accurately reflects the legal implications of liberal construction?
Which statement accurately reflects the legal implications of liberal construction?
What does the case of Vicente Yco demonstrate regarding penal law?
What does the case of Vicente Yco demonstrate regarding penal law?
Why might the phrase 'Charitable excludes Religious' be significant in legal terms?
Why might the phrase 'Charitable excludes Religious' be significant in legal terms?
What does the law imply in cases where a person commits an act classified as malum prohibitum?
What does the law imply in cases where a person commits an act classified as malum prohibitum?
What is the primary focus of proving liability in malum prohibitum offenses?
What is the primary focus of proving liability in malum prohibitum offenses?
In the case of U.S. v. Go Chico, what aspect of displaying flags was deemed sufficient for establishing guilt?
In the case of U.S. v. Go Chico, what aspect of displaying flags was deemed sufficient for establishing guilt?
Why is proving intent deemed unnecessary in certain statutory offenses?
Why is proving intent deemed unnecessary in certain statutory offenses?
What does the term 'malum prohibitum' refer to?
What does the term 'malum prohibitum' refer to?
What does the court's ruling on Act No. 1696 highlight regarding the individual's knowledge of the law?
What does the court's ruling on Act No. 1696 highlight regarding the individual's knowledge of the law?
How does the legal system aim to deter harmful actions under malum prohibitum?
How does the legal system aim to deter harmful actions under malum prohibitum?
Which of the following best describes the rationale behind liability for acts classified as mala prohibita?
Which of the following best describes the rationale behind liability for acts classified as mala prohibita?
What was the final decision of the Supreme Court regarding Valenzona's case?
What was the final decision of the Supreme Court regarding Valenzona's case?
What is the significance of R.A. No. 9775 being classified as a mala in se law?
What is the significance of R.A. No. 9775 being classified as a mala in se law?
Why is proof of malice or deliberate intent not necessary for violations of special penal laws?
Why is proof of malice or deliberate intent not necessary for violations of special penal laws?
What constitutes the primary basis for the RTC's initial ruling against Valenzona?
What constitutes the primary basis for the RTC's initial ruling against Valenzona?
What does the classification of a law as malum prohibitum imply?
What does the classification of a law as malum prohibitum imply?
Which of the following describes the ruling in the Intengan v. C.A. case?
Which of the following describes the ruling in the Intengan v. C.A. case?
What amendment did the Anti Hazing Act of 2018 introduce?
What amendment did the Anti Hazing Act of 2018 introduce?
What is the implication of the ruling on criminal liability of a corporation?
What is the implication of the ruling on criminal liability of a corporation?
Study Notes
RPC: Key Principles
- Article 3 establishes that felonies (delitos) can result from deceit (dolo) or fault (culpa).
- Deceit involves deliberate intent, while fault arises from negligence, imprudence, or lack of foresight.
- Article 21 indicates that penalties for felonies cannot exceed those prescribed by law before the act was committed.
Application of Penal Laws
- Penal laws may have retroactive effects if they benefit a non-habitual offender, according to Article 22.
- A final decision from a higher court, like the Supreme Court, serves as binding precedent for lower courts.
Judicial Review and Bill of Attainder
- The Supreme Court has the power to determine the constitutionality of laws, based on the 1987 Philippine Constitution.
- R.A. No. 9335 was challenged for allegedly being a bill of attainder, imposing punishment without trial; however, it merely enacts penalties with due process.
Understanding Felonies
- Consummated, frustrated, and attempted felonies are all subject to punishment under Article 6 of the RPC.
- Penalties must align with the maximum sentences as prescribed, ensuring justice aligns with the severity of the crime.
Repeal and Construction of Laws
- Express repeal occurs when a new law explicitly nullifies a previous law.
- Penal laws favor the accused in interpretations; if ambiguous, the interpretation beneficial to the accused prevails.
Intent in Criminal Law
- The distinction between intent to commit a crime (malum in se) and intent to perform an act (malum prohibitum) is crucial.
- For mala prohibita offenses, the act itself establishes guilt regardless of the actor's intent, ensuring that harmful behavior is deterred.
Specific Cases and Rulings
- The case of U.S. v. Go Chico reinforces that intent is not necessary for certain statutory offenses; the act itself suffices for establishing guilt.
- Valenzona's acquittal highlights the burden on prosecution to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt, affecting trial outcomes.
Additional Concepts
- The Anti-Hazing Act and R.A. No. 9775 exemplify specific legal frameworks where proof of malicious intent (mens rea) may not be required for violations.
- Special penal laws often facilitate enforcement by omitting intent, which broadens liability for public safety offenses.
Legislative Power
- The legislature holds the authority to enact malum prohibitum laws, adapting legal standards to current societal needs.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the definitions and classifications of felonies as outlined in the RPC, specifically Articles 3 and 366. This quiz covers the implications of acts and omissions punishable by law and distinguishes between deceit and fault in criminal acts.
