10 Questions
Match the drug with its location of absorption:
Weak acids = Stomach Weak bases = Small intestine Extensively metabolized drugs = Oral mucosa – sublingual route Bacterial metabolism affecting bioavailability = Gut wall
Match the following advantages of the oral route with their descriptions:
Most convenient = Least unpleasant method for most drugs Least unpleasant method for most drugs = No equipment required No equipment required = Safest (drug absorbed more slowly) Safest (drug absorbed more slowly) = Most convenient
Match the disadvantages of the oral route with their descriptions:
Insulin destruction due to pH and/or enzymes = Certain drugs destroyed by pH and/or enzymes Variation in absorption due to pH and food binding = Irregular absorption may occur due to variation in process of solution, pH variation, binding to food Slow onset of action = Cannot give to unconscious patient Nausea and vomiting causing drug loss = Irritating substances cause nausea and vomiting, resulting in drug loss
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Bioavailability = Fraction of the administered dose that is absorbed into the systemic circulation Bioequivalence = Drug products are bioequivalent when the rate and extent of bioavailability of the active ingredients do not differ significantly First pass effect = When a substantial portion or almost all of the drug is metabolized in the liver before it reaches the site of action P-glycoprotein = A reverse transporter that actively pumps drugs out of gut wall cells back into the gut lumen
Match the following factors with their influence on bioavailability:
Physico-chemical factors = Can affect how well a drug is absorbed and utilized in the body Clinical factors = Can impact the bioavailability of a drug based on patient-specific conditions Direct access to portal veins = May lead to significant first pass effect from stomach or intestine Liver excretion into bile = Can contribute to reducing the bioavailability of a drug
Match the drugs with their susceptibility to first pass metabolism:
GTNT = High susceptibility to extensive first pass metabolism Propranolol = Exhibits low oral bioavailability due to first pass metabolism Tetracycline chelated to Ca++ = May be affected by variations in motility and emptying time of GI Grapefruit juice interaction = Inhibits P-glycoprotein and gut wall metabolism, affecting drug bioavailability
Match the route of drug administration with its definition:
Enteral route = Involves oral ingestion, sub-lingual, and rectal administration Parenteral route = Includes intravenous, intra arterial, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, and intrathecal administration Topical route = Involves applying drugs onto the skin or mucous membranes Oral route = Involves swallowing drugs to be absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract
Match the following terms with their meanings:
Pharmacokinetics = The study of how drugs move through the body Pharmacodynamics = The study of how drugs exert their effects on the body Compliance = The extent to which a patient follows medical advice and takes medications as prescribed Enteral = Relating to or occurring in the intestines
Match the drug administration route with its abbreviation:
IM = Intramuscular IV = Intravenous PR = Rectal (per rectum) SL = Sub-lingual
Match the drug administration route with its site of administration:
Subcutaneous injection = Just beneath the skin Intrathecal injection = Into the spinal canal or subarachnoid space Intra-arterial injection = Directly into an artery Intraperitoneal injection = Into the peritoneal cavity within the abdomen
Study Notes
Drug Administration
- Matching Drug with Location of Absorption: Location of absorption varies by drug
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Advantages of Oral Route: Convenience, ease of use, painlessness, and cost-effectiveness
- Convenient and easy to use
- Painless
- Cost-effective
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Disadvantages of Oral Route: Gastrointestinal disturbances, hepatic first-pass metabolism, and low bioavailability
- Gastrointestinal disturbances possible
- Hepatic first-pass metabolism reduces bioavailability
- Low bioavailability possible
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Terms and Definitions:
- Bioavailability: Fraction of unchanged drug that reaches systemic circulation
- First Pass Metabolism: Process by which the liver reduces drug concentration before it reaches systemic circulation
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Factors Influencing Bioavailability:
- Gastric pH: Affects drug solubility and absorption
- Gastrointestinal motility: Affects transit time and absorption
- Food intake: Affects absorption and bioavailability
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Drugs Susceptible to First Pass Metabolism:
- Propranolol: Undergoes significant first-pass metabolism
- Lidocaine: Undergoes significant first-pass metabolism
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Routes of Drug Administration:
- Intravenous (IV): Direct injection into the vein
- Intramuscular (IM): Injection into a muscle
- Subcutaneous (SC): Injection beneath the skin
- Oral: Administration through the mouth
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Abbreviations:
- IM: Intramuscular
- IV: Intravenous
- SC: Subcutaneous
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Sites of Administration:
- IV: Vein
- IM: Muscle
- SC: Beneath the skin
Test your knowledge on the different routes of drug administration, including application to epithelial surfaces, oral route, and inhalational route. Learn about the absorption patterns and effects of drugs when administered through various routes.
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