Topic 5: Rome I Regulation 3: Contractual Law Quiz

The law of the country where the party required to perform the most significant part of the contract ('characteristic performance') has their usual residence.

A contract governed by a multilateral system, with multiple parties, standardized rules, and a single governing law, follows that law.

If the contract is CLEARLY more connected to a different country than indicated by the general rules, that country's law applies.

In contracts where the most significant performance is not easily identified, the law of the country with the strongest overall connection to the contract applies.

The part of the contract that defines the most significant action or obligation besides payment. This helps determine the applicable law.

The concept of 'characteristic performance' helps identify the relevant law because it focuses on the primary activity driving the agreement.

In a sale of goods agreement, the party who delivers the products performs the characteristic performance because the other party simply pays.

These rules provide a structured framework for determining the applicable law in international contracts.

The law applicable to a contract can be determined by considering specific contract types, general principles, and exceptional circumstances.

A contract is manifestly more closely connected to a different country than indicated by the general rules if the contract's ties to that country are significantly stronger.

When parties don't explicitly choose a governing law for their contract, Rome I Regulation Article 4 dictates the default applicable law based on the contract's nature.

Regarding contracts for goods sale, Rome I Regulation (Article 4(1)(a)) dictates that the seller's habitual residence's law governs the contract.

For service contracts, Rome I Regulation (Article 4(1)(b)) states the service provider's habitual residence's law governs the contract.

Rome I Regulation (Article 4(1)(c)) dictates that the law of the country where the property is located governs property rights, including immovable property and intellectual property rights.

Rome I Regulation (Article 4(1)(d)) creates an exception for short-term private use tenancy agreements. These are governed by the landlord's habitual residence's law, as long as the tenant is a natural person residing in the same country.

Rome I Regulation (Article 4(1)(e)) dictates the franchisee's habitual residence's law governs franchise contracts.

Rome I Regulation (Article 4(1)(f)) establishes the distributor's habitual residence's law as the governing law for distribution contracts.

Rome I Regulation (Article 4(1)(g)) dictates that auction contracts are governed by the law of the country where the auction takes place, if that location can be determined.

The habitual residence of a natural person is their usual place of residence, while for companies and bodies, it's their place of central administration as per Rome I Regulation.

The Vienna Convention deals with international contracts for the sale of goods, while Rome I Regulation governs the choice of applicable law.

Rome I Regulation is not lex specialis and should not override, for instance, the Vienna Convention's provisions, which is substantive law.

Article 25 of Rome I Regulation indicates that existing international conventions such as the Vienna Convention are not superseded by its provisions.

Rome I Regulation's aim is to promote fairness and prevent abuse of stronger parties' power in contractual relationships. This is why it applies in cases where there is no clear choice of law.

Rome I Regulation creates a nuanced approach to determine the governing law based on the specific nature of the contract and the type of relationship.

In cases where Rome I Regulation's rules don't apply, or multiple rules seem applicable, the law must be identified based on the specific circumstances of the case.

Legal rules that cannot be ignored or changed by contractual agreement, even when a different law is chosen to govern the contract.

The specific legal system chosen by the parties to govern their contract.

Provisions that are considered essential to protect a country's core interests, such as political, social, or economic organization.

The law of the country where the court hearing a case is located.

The country where the obligations of a contract are performed.

A situation where the lex contractus is not applied due to mandatory rules that cannot be derogated by agreement.

This principle states that even when parties choose a certain legal system for their contract, mandatory rules of the system where key elements lie must still be applied.

A legal concept where the law of a weaker party (like a consumer) often takes precedence over the chosen lex contractus to protect them.

The law of the country where a consumer is domiciled is often used to ensure a stronger link to the consumer's legal system.

The default rule for choosing the applicable law in a contract, unless overridden by mandatory rules.

Mandatory rules that cannot be overridden by agreement because they are vital for protecting core legal principles.

Mandatory provisions that are not considered as important as overriding mandatory provisions and can be potentially overridden under certain circumstances.

The concept that the law of the court hearing the dispute can impose its overriding mandatory provisions on a contract, regardless of the chosen lex contractus.

The concept that the law of the country where the obligations of the contract are performed may apply its overriding mandatory provisions if those obligations are deemed unlawful under that law.

A court's power to decide whether or not to apply an overriding mandatory provision from the country of performance, based on the specific circumstances of the case.

These provisions, like competition law or fundamental rights, are essential and can't be ignored even if a contract tries to circumvent them.

When a court encounters a contract that conflicts with an ORMP, the ORMP takes precedence, regardless of the contract's choice of law.

The court must determine if the contract is subject to an ORMP based on the law of the court itself, even if the contract specifies a different law.

The court needs to apply ORMPs, even if they conflict with the chosen contract law, ensuring that fundamental principles are upheld.

A law enacted by a country to enforce rules of public order, such as consumer protection, worker safety, or environmental standards.

A legal principle where courts recognize and apply the laws of another country when it's closely tied to the case, even if the chosen law is different.

A court's decision to raise a question about European law and seek guidance from the European Court of Justice.

An agreement where one party (the agent) acts on behalf of another (the principal) to negotiate business deals.

The right of an agent to be compensated for the benefits their principal enjoys after the agency contract ends, even if it wasn't explicitly included in the agreement.

A situation where competitors in a market operate on an uneven playing field, with some having unfair advantages.

A legal system's framework for determining the applicable law in international commercial contracts.

The country where the party performing the most significant part of the contract has their usual residence.

Contracts governed by a multilateral system, with multiple parties, standardized rules, and a single governing law, follow that law.

A contract governed by a specific set of laws, such as those related to sales or agency agreements.